1,721,210 research outputs found
The molecular environment of H_2_O masers: VLA ammonia observations
No full textWe present the results of single dish and interferometric observations of ammonia towards 5 sources selected from a sample of H_2_O and OH masers associated with star forming regions. The Medicina telescope was used to observe the NH_3_(1,1), (2,2), and (3,3) inversion transitions. High resolution maps in the NH_3_(2,2) and (3,3) lines and in the 1.3 cm continuum were then obtained with the Very Large Array. The main result of this research is to confirm the belief that H_2_O masers form in hot dense molecular cores which are sites of massive star formation. We also find evidence for the H_2_O maser phase to be prior to the appearance of an ultracompact HII region around the embedded high mass star(s)
Anatomy of a high-mass star forming cloud: The G24.78+0.08 (proto)stellar cluster
No full textWe present the results of an interferometric and single-dish study of G24.78+0.08, a region associated with high-mass star formation. Observations have been carried out in several molecular species, which are suitable to trace environments with different densities and temperatures. Evidence for this region to contain a cluster of very young massive stellar objects has been presented in a previous paper (Furuya et al. \cite{furu}). We suggest that the embedded stars might be too young to have affected the surrounding molecular cloud significantly on a large scale. This gives us the opportunity to investigate the configuration of the cloud as it was prior to the star formation episode. We assess that the (proto)stellar cluster lies at the center of a molecular clump with diameter of ~ 2 pc: to a good approximation this may be described as a spherically symmetric clump with density profile of the type nH_2~ R-1.8. Inside 0.5 pc from the center, instead, the gas is much more inhomogeneous and concentrated in a few high-density cores surrounding the (proto)stars. Our findings indicate that a self-regulating formation mechanism for the high-mass stars in G24.78 is plausible: in the proposed scenario star formation would occur from inside-out collapse of the parsec-scale clump, followed by infall reversal due to outflows powered by the newly formed massive stars. We also find that one of the two bipolar outflows powered by the embedded YSOs is more extended and hence older than the other, thus confirming the evolutionary sequence proposed in our previous article
Star formation in the bright rimmed globule IC 1396N
No full textWe report mm-wave multiline and continuum observations of IC 1396N, a conspicuous bright, rimmed globule excited by the O6.5 star HD 206267 in the Cep OB2 association. Single-dish high resolution observations in CO and CS lines reveal the cometary structure of the globule with unprecedented detail. The globule head contains a dense core of 0.2 pc, whereas the tail, pointing away from the exciting star, has a total length of 0.8 pc. Two high velocity bipolar outflows have been identified in the CO maps: the first one is located around the position of a strong IRAS source in the head of the globule, and the second one, which was previously unknown, is located in the northern region. The outflows emerge from high density clumps which exhibit strong line emission of CS, HCO+, and DCO+. Within these clumps, the sources driving the outflows have been identified thanks to mm-wave continuum observations. The globule head harbors two YSOs separated by about 104 AU. SiO line observations of the central outflow unveals a highly collimated structure with four clumps of sizes <=0.1 pc, which are located along the outflow axis and suggest episodic events in the mass loss process from the central star. Kinetic temperatures of ~ 50-100 K and hydrogen densities of fews 106 cm-3 have been estimated in the shocked regions traced by the strong SiO emission. The jet is also exposed to view by the means of interferometric HCO+ observations that confirms that it is very narrow (<=0.02 pc wide). The detection of blue- and redshifted CO emission along the globule rim suggests that IC 1396N is in a transient phase, undergoing one of the expansions or compressions predicted by theoretical models describing the evolution of cometary globules. Moreover, the CO data, together with near IR observations reported elsewhere, indicate that the star forming process is occurring also in the northern part of IC 1396N, at 0.5 pc from the central CS peak. The present observations provide evidence that several star-forming sites can develop even in a moderately massive globule like IC 1396N
The chemistry of star and planet formation with SKA
No full textIn this contribution, we aim to summarise the efforts of the Italian SKA scientific community in conducting surveys of star-forming regions within our Galaxy, in the development of astrochemical research on protostellar envelopes and disks, and in studying the planet formation process itself. The objective is dual: Firstly, to investigate the accumulation and development of dust throughout the formation of planets, and secondly, to chemically examine protoplanetary disks and protostellar envelopes by studying heavy molecules, such as chains and rings containing over seven carbon atoms, which exhibit significantly reduced strength at millimeter wavelengths
First evidence for molecular interfaces between outflows and ambient clouds in high-mass star-forming regions?
No full textWe present new observations of the Cep A East region of massive star formation and describe an extended and dynamically distinct feature not previously recognized. This feature is present in emission from H2CS, OCS, CH3OH, and HDO at −5.5 km s−1 but is not traced by the conventional tracers of star-forming regions, H2S, SO2, SO, and CS. The feature is extended up to at least 0.1 pc. We show that the feature is neither a hot core nor a shocked outflow. However, the chemistry of the feature is consistent with predictions from a model of an eroding interface between a fast wind and a dense core; mixing between the two media occurs in the interface on a timescale of 10–50 yr. If these observations are confirmed by detailed maps and by detections in species also predicted to be abundant (e.g., HCO+, H2CO, and NH3), this feature would be the first detection of such an interface in regions of massive star formation. An important implication of the model is that a significant reservoir of sulfur in grain mantles is required to be in the form of OCS
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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