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From emplacement to Virtuality: A sociomaterial Perspective on the Emotional Transformations in Coworking Spaces during COVID-19
Get PDFFuture of work: nuove modalità di lavoro per favorire la creatività e l'innovazione
No full textI recenti cambiamenti globali, dal progresso tecnologico alla pandemia globale, hanno consentito la diffusione di nuove modalità di lavoro in risposta alle esigenze di flessibilità. Le nuove modalità di lavoro (NML) cambiano i confini temporali e fisici e sono caratterizzate da flessibilità in termini di tempo e luogo. La mia ricerca si concentra su come l'adozione di NML influenzi la creatività e l’innovazione.
Applico diverse metodologie per studiare queste complesse relazioni: metodi quantitativi per indagare gli effetti positivi e negativi delle NML sui risultati creativi e innovativi; e metodi qualitativi per fornire una ricca descrizione dei processi sul lavoro di confine.
La mia tesi è composta da cinque studi. Il primo studio si basa su un’indagine condotta in un'organizzazione multinazionale IT e indaga come vengono permeati i confini nei team distribuiti a livello globale. Mi concentro sui membri che fungono da intermediari tra i sottogruppi con l'obiettivo di "riunire il team" e affrontare le sfide di avere più sottogruppi geografici. Propongo che i broker promuovano l'innovazione del team aumentando la condivisione delle conoscenze e le percezioni di prossimità; dall’altra parte, possano ridurre le opportunità di leadership condivisa all'interno di un team globale. Nel secondo studio, indago come le NML progettate per promuovere l'innovazione e le strutture emergenti interpretate come facilitatori di nuove idee, influenzino in modo diverso la creatività e il work-life balance. I risultati di un sondaggio in una multinazionale mostrano che la flessibilità è positivamente correlata a un maggiore equilibrio tra lavoro e vita privata, ma non alla creatività. L'ambiente di lavoro socio-organizzativo è invece associato ad un aumento idee innovative, ma a una riduzione della soddisfazione del work-life balance.
Le NML sono spesso associate alla creazione di nuovi spazi fisici per il lavoro. Gli spazi collaborativi (SC) sono spazi di lavoro caratterizzati da ambienti fisici progettati per favorire dinamiche collaborative e flessibili. In un terzo studio, basato su interviste e osservazioni in una grande azienda alimentare, indago il ruolo del SC in due tipi di innovazione: innovazione interna attraverso team inter-funzionali e l’open innovation con stakeholder esterni. Sottolineo l'importanza del rapporto tra aspettative ed esperienze nel SC e la capacità dei dipendenti di svolgere lavori sui confini (interni ed esterni) dell'organizzazione.
In un quarto studio mi concentro su un ulteriore SC, il coworking. Esploro come le risorse positive relative al work-life balance promosse dalle NML interagiscono con l'uso della tecnologia collaborativa nell'influenzare la creatività individuale. Attraverso un sondaggio su 132 lavoratori in 27 coworking, scopro una relazione positiva tra il livello di soddisfazione percepito di work-life balance e la creatività. Di contro, l'uso intenso della tecnologia collaborativa può generare percezioni di sovraccarico rendendo insignificante l'impatto del work-life balance sulla creatività.
Lo scoppio della pandemia da Covid-19 ha interrotto le attività in SC. Attraverso un'analisi dei social media, studio quali fattori contribuiscono alla costruzione di pratiche resilienti in risposta alle crisi. Rilevo che virtualizzare i servizi, nutrire la comunità e mantenere emozioni positive ha giocato un ruolo chiave nella costruzione di pratiche resilienti all'interno del coworking.
Contribuisco alla letteratura sul ruolo delle percezioni, delle emozioni e dei comportamenti umani nelle adozioni delle NML. Contribuisco a comprendere le implicazioni delle adozioni delle NML, della tecnologia collaborativa e delle strutture emergenti sul lavoro innovativo e creativo. Contribuisco anche alla letteratura sui confini di lavoro, mostrando le sfide dell'utilizzo di SC come strumenti di supporto organizzativo e dell'utilizzo di team distribuiti a livello globale.Recent global changes, from the pressing technological progress to the global pandemic, have enabled the diffusion of new ways of working (NWW) in response to increased individual needs for flexibility. NWW change temporal and physical boundaries work and are characterized by a mixture of flexibility in terms of time and place. My research focuses on how the adoption of NWW impacts creativity and innovation performance.
I apply multiple methods to study these complex relationships: quantitative methods to investigate positive and negative effects of NWW on creativity and innovation outcomes; and qualitative methods to provide a rich description of boundary work processes.
My thesis is composed of 5 studies. The first study is based on a survey conducted in an IT multinational organization and investigates how boundaries are overcome in globally distributed teams. I focus on the team members who act as brokers between subgroups with the aim of "bringing the team together" and address the challenges of having multiple geographical subgroups. I propose that, on one hand, brokers foster team innovation by increasing knowledge sharing and perceptions of proximity; besides, brokers may reduce the opportunities for shared leadership within a global team. In the second study, I investigate how NWW designed to promote innovation (i.e., flexibility and social-organizational work environment) and emergent structures interpreted as facilitators of new ideas, differently impact creativity and work-life balance at the individual level. The results from a survey in a multinational company in the robotics industry show that flexibility is positively related to increased work-life balance but not creativity. Instead, the social-organizational work environment is associated with an increased level of new ideas but to a reduction in work-life balance.
NWW are often associated to the creation of new physical spaces for workers. To this regard, Collaborative Spaces (CS) are workspaces characterized by physical set-ups to foster collaborative and flexible work dynamics. In a third study, based on interviews and observations in a large food company, I investigate the role of CS in two types of innovation: internal innovation through cross-functional teams and collaborative innovation with external stakeholders. I highlight the importance of the relationship between expectations and experiences about the CS in the employees' ability to perform boundary work inside and outside the organization.
In a fourth study, I focus on an additional type of CS, i.e., coworking. I explore how positive resources related to well-being and work-life balance promoted by NWW interact with the use of collaborative technology in influencing individual creativity. Through a survey of 132 workers in 27 coworking spaces, I discover a positive relationship between the perceived level of satisfaction with work-life balance and individual creativity. The intense use of collaborative technology can generate perceptions of overload making the work-life balance's impact on creativity insignificant.
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic forced a stop to activities in CS. Through a social media analysis, I study which factors contribute to building resilience practices in response to crises inside CS. I show that virtualizing the services, feeding the community, and maintaining positive emotions played a key role in building entrepreneurial resilience practices inside coworking.
I contribute to the emerging debate in the literature on the role of human perceptions, emotions, and behaviors in NWW adoptions. Mainly, I contribute to understanding the implications of NWW adoptions, collaborative technology, and emergent structures on innovative and creative work. I also contribute to the literature on boundary work by showing the challenges of using CS as organizational support tools and of using globally distributed teams
Searching for creativity in innovative working contexts. The role of embeddedness in collaborative spaces
Get PDFHOW PERCEPTIONS OF WORK LIFE BALANCE AND TECHNOLOGY USE IMPACT UPON CREATIVITY IN COLLABORATIVE SPACES
Get PDFThis paper unpacks creative processes in collaborative spaces (CS). We focus on how the positive resources related to wellbeing and work-life balance derived from working in CS interplay with the use of collaborative technology in affect-ing individual creativity. We conducted a survey study with individuals working in 27 different CS in Italy. We propose and find a positive relationship between the perceived level of work-life balance satisfaction and individual creativity. In-stead we do not find a significant relationship between the frequency of technolo-gy mediated interactions with external actors and individual creativity. Further-more, the relationship between work-life balance and creativity is negatively moderated by technology mediated interactions with external actors. In other words, an intense use of collaborative technology with actors external to the CS can generate perceptions of overload and therefore making the impact of work-life balance on creativity not significant. We conclude with theoretical and practi-cal implication
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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