1,720,976 research outputs found
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND ENERGY ISSUES SHAPE THE CITIES
No full textIn a time of transformation and discussion on energy issues, the one-to-one relationship between city and energy sources of supply prompts to go over city morphology according to new renewable energy sources and technologies. The urgency of this action is motivated by the current energy-intensive condition of our settlements, accused to be the “black holes” (F. Butera, 2008) in global energy consumption accounting for more than 75% of total amount and 85% of polluting emissions. A figure doomed to grow, according to United Nation evaluations, due to the continuous process of world metropolitanization which will lead more than 80% of world population to choose urban living. Thanks to the evidences in the history of the cities, it is possible to demonstrate as urban form is tightly reliant on energy source typology and its availability on territory and, mainly, as it changes as a consequence of their development and decline. The relationships between Coketown and coke, vertical-city and electricity or horizontal-city (sprawl) and oil, give us a clear example.
The obliged transition toward new renewable sources makes us wonder on future settlement morphology, especially on possibility to use the urban design as ideal tool to reach new urban models.
More specifically, in which direction goes the historic debate on contemporary cities evolving, in this age of climate change and sustainability? What about incorporation of renewable energies and, in particular, exploitation of solar energy in urban settlements?
To date, researches mainly focus on urban density, while less attention has been paid to the form that means to the “physical qualities” of the spatial structure of the city; actually, the organization of the urban fabric in its 3 dimensions is strictly related to the potential gains of solar energy and therefore to the individual, technical and social use of the sun.
By studying an existing urban sample, this work aims at investigating the extent to which the morphological features of the fabric can affect the collection of solar radiation on the buildings envelope and public spaces, in order to define general guidelines aiding architects already in the early phases of masterplan and urban design.
In the specific study case of Eixample district by I. Cerdà in Barcelona (Spain) the attention is focused on the network orientation and on the height to width ratio, which are analysed in order to evaluate and compare the influence of obstructions and the distribution of solar flux.
This study is developed by applying a simplified comparative methodology supported by HELIODON 2, a simulation software that has not a realistic and diagnostic aim, but allows fast interaction between solar radiation and design process. Through this work, we intend to propose a more “architectural” approach as well as to provide a new methodological and operational tool for solar analysis and at urban scale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
How environmental and energy issues shape the cities: a case-study in Barcelona, Spain
No full textIn a time of transformation and discussion on energy issues, the one-to-one relationship between city and energy sources of supply prompts to go over city morphology according to new renewable energy sources and technologies. The urgency of this action is motivated by the current energy-intensive condition of our settlements, accused to be the “black holes” (F. Butera, 2008) in global energy consumption accounting for more than 75% of total amount and 85% of polluting emissions. A figure doomed to grow, according to United Nation evaluations, due to the continuous process of world metropolitanization which will lead more than 80% of world population to choose urban living. Thanks to the evidences in the history of the cities, it is possible to demonstrate as urban form is tightly reliant on energy source typology and its availability on territory and, mainly, as it changes as a consequence of their development and decline. The relationships between Coketown and coke, vertical-city and electricity or horizontal-city (sprawl) and oil, give us a clear example.
The obliged transition toward new renewable sources makes us wonder on future settlement morphology, especially on possibility to use the urban design as ideal tool to reach new urban models.
More specifically, in which direction goes the historic debate on contemporary cities evolving, in this age of climate change and sustainability? What about incorporation of renewable energies and, in particular, exploitation of solar energy in urban settlements?
To date, researches mainly focus on urban density, while less attention has been paid to the form that means to the “physical qualities” of the spatial structure of the city; actually, the organization of the urban fabric in its 3 dimensions is strictly related to the potential gains of solar energy and therefore to the individual, technical and social use of the sun.
By studying an existing urban sample, this work aims at investigating the extent to which the morphological features of the fabric can affect the collection of solar radiation on the buildings envelope and public spaces, in order to define general guidelines aiding architects already in the early phases of masterplan and urban design.
In the specific study case of Eixample district by I. Cerdà in Barcelona (Spain) the attention is focused on the network orientation and on the height to width ratio, which are analysed in order to evaluate and compare the influence of obstructions and the distribution of solar flux.
This study is developed by applying a simplified comparative methodology supported by HELIODON 2, a simulation software that has not a realistic and diagnostic aim, but allows fast interaction between solar radiation and design process. Through this work, we intend to propose a more “architectural” approach as well as to provide a new methodological and operational tool for solar analysis and at urban scale
HOW ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND ENERGY ISSUES SHAPE THE CITIES
No full textThe current environment and energy conditions need refl ection on the energy-intensive behaviour of the City on territory. The deep relationship between urban morphology and energy supply directly affects both the urban energy balance and the environmental comfort of areas where we live. This one-to-one connection historically led to the growth or collapse of urban models: if, on the one hand, the development and decline of the energy source enabled the growth of the manmade environment, on the other hand, land usage for residential and production purpose has determined the development and permutation of energy sources
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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