1,721,017 research outputs found
Idòla sermonis. Il potere cognitivo degli stereotipi nel linguaggio implicito
No full textUn acceso dibattito ha recentemente messo in luce il ruolo degli stereotipi nella comprensione del linguaggio letterale, come idòla fori di baconiana memoria che possono influenzare il nostro modo di vedere il mondo sociale, attraverso la lingua parlata da una comunità linguistica. È stato invece meno discusso il ruolo degli stereotipi come idòla sermonis, ovvero come meccanismi cognitivi di creazione di categorie nei discorsi quotidiani e di comprensione delle dinamiche sociali in vari contesti conversazionali. Inoltre, il prevalere dell’accezione negativa del termine “stereotipo”, quale pregiudizio, ha lasciato in ombra la complessità degli stereotipi come idòla della mente umana in determinate circostanze d’uso del linguaggio.
Il volume si propone allora di capire se e quando gli stereotipi hanno un ruolo negativo nei contesti comunicativi, per non dare corso a quegli stereotipi che possono portare a un’effettiva esclusione sociale. In particolare, si ritiene che il linguaggio non letterale, specie se figurato, possa essere un banco di prova del “potere cognitivo” degli stereotipi, proprio perché – rispetto al significato letterale – la comprensione del significato implicito richiede delle conoscenze contestuali, talvolta tacitamente racchiuse nei “luoghi comuni” di una comunità linguistica, più difficili da portare alla luce. Il volume indaga quindi quel continuum di fenomeni linguistici in cui i processi pragmatici di comprensione del significato implicito più ricorrono a conoscenze stereotipiche, a partire dagli slurs e dalle metafore, che possono rimandare a presupposizioni di carattere stereotipico, fino all’ironia e ai proverbi, il cui significato è totalmente implicito o evocato da immagini socialmente condivise
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Determination of compounds with anticholinesterase activity in commercial drugs by a new enzyme sensor
No full text
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gender Stereotypes and Figurative Language Comprehension
No full textThe paper aims to show how and to what extent social and cultural cues influence figurative language understanding. In the first part of the paper, we argue that social-contextual knowledge is organized in “schemas” or stereotypes, which act as strong bias in speaker’s meaning comprehension. Research in Experimental Pragmatics has shown that age, gender, race and occupation stereotypes are important contextual sources of information to interpret others’ speech and provide an explanation of their behavior. In the second part of the paper, we focus on gender stereotypes and their influence on the comprehension of figurative language, to show how the social functions of figurative language are modulated by gender stereotypes. We provide then an explanation of gender stereotypical bias on figurative language in terms of possible outcomes in the social context
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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