340 research outputs found
Handbook of orthodontics / by Martyn T. Cobourne, Andrew T. DiBiase.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.427 p.
sj-docx-1-joo-10.1177_14653125211034878 – Supplemental material for Orthodontic clinicians’ attitudes and knowledge of dentogingival aesthetics: A cross-sectional survey of BOS members
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-joo-10.1177_14653125211034878 for Orthodontic clinicians’ attitudes and knowledge of dentogingival aesthetics: A cross-sectional survey of BOS members by Eman Ajrash, Andrew T DiBiase, Nikolaos Pandis, Martyn T Cobourne and Jadbinder Seehra in Journal of Orthodontics</p
David Martyn Lloyd-Jones 1899-1981 and twentieth-century evangelicalism.
No full textThe purpose of this thesis was to demonstrate the significance of the life and ministry of David Martyn Lloyd-Jones in post-war British evangelicalism and to show that, so far as Protestant churches in England and Wales were concerned, no history of the period can afford to ignore him. It is our contention that despite differences of opinion and self- marginalization Lloyd-Jones was and has remained a major force in evangelical thinking. In order to understand how this developed the thesis has been structured along thematic lines highlighting events, persons and questions. The study begins by setting the stage with a biographical chapter and goes on to examine the kind of impact that Lloyd-Jones's preaching had on Christians of all denominations. He believed preaching to be the greatest need of the day and the position of this thesis is that preaching was Lloyd-Jones's greatest contribution to twentieth- century Christianity. As a preacher he attracted one of London's largest congregations and in chapter three we look at the history and nature of Westminster Chapel comparing it with neighbouring ministries, and establishing the kind of people who went to hear him. Chapters four and five ascertain the factors which shaped Lloyd-Jones's views on the church and show how his Reformed evangelicalism led in a separatist as opposed to an ecumenical direction and finally, to a position which was neither Congregational nor Presbyterian. Our further argument is that while he favoured unity among believers his separatist ecclesiology only exacerbated the situation and left evangelicals more divided than before. Chapters six to eight evaluate Lloyd-Jones's background, the nature of his leadership and the extent of his influence - factors which either shaped or were the outcome of his ministry - and looks at the issues which these questions raise
An association between sella turcica bridging and dental transposition.
No full textThe aim of the present study was to determine any association between tooth transposition and bridging of the sella turcica, given the evidence of common embryonic origins associated with these structures and a genetic basis underlying these two conditions. Clinical records of subjects demonstrating dental transposition and normal controls were collected from several hospital orthodontic departments and specialist orthodontic practices. All cases and controls were documented with good quality lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental panoramic tomograms (DPTs). The study sample consisted of 21 Caucasian subjects (7 males and 14 females; mean age 14.5 years; SD 2.2 years), demonstrating either maxillary or mandibular dental transposition. The control group, matched for age and gender to the study sample, comprised 70 Caucasians (31 males and 39 females; mean age 13.8 years; SD 1.8 years) without dental anomalies randomly selected from subjects referred for orthodontic treatment within the same departments. The extent of sella turcica bridging was quantified from each profile radiograph using comparative measurement of length and diameter. Sella turcica bridging was found more frequently in subjects diagnosed with dental transposition than in the controls, with the difference being statistically significant [chi-square=7.4; degrees of freedom (df)=2; P=0.025; Fisher's exact test; P=0.042]. The increased frequency of complete and partial bridging of the sella turcica in subjects with dental transposition provides further evidence of a genetic basis to this condition. As calcification and bridging of this region can present during early childhood, it may act as a useful diagnostic predictor of susceptibility to local dental problems
Clinical trial design for orthodontists
No full textHigh-quality research should form the basis of all clinical practice. Randomized controlled trials currently provide the gold standard for investigating the effectiveness of treatment interventions and these are increasingly being used in orthodontics. Here we discuss the reasons why this form of investigation provides the most useful evidence for assessing treatment outcome. The methods available to achieve true randomization, a fundamental component in the design of these trials, are also discussed. In addition, we focus on how to minimize bias in clinical research, not only during the design and management of a trial, but also when disseminating results. We focus on the importance of using control groups correctly and describe methods that are available to adequately power a trial. Finally, we emphasise the importance of accurate and transparent reporting, which facilitates correct communication and assessment of the evidence
Are orthodontic randomised controlled trials justified with a citation of an appropriate systematic review?
No full textBACKGROUND
A systematic review of the evidence should be undertaken to support the justification for undertaking a clinical trial. The aim of this study was to examine whether reports of orthodontic Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) cite prior systematic reviews (SR) to explain the rationale or justification of the trial. Study characteristics that predicated the citation of SR in the RCT report were also explored.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Orthodontic RCTs published between 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2020 in seven orthodontic journals were identified. All titles and abstracts were screened independently by two authors. Descriptive statistics and associations were assessed for the study characteristics. Logistic regression was used to identify predicators of SR inclusion in the trial report.
RESULTS
301 RCTs fulfilling the eligibility criteria were assessed. 220 SRs were available of which 74.5% (N = 164) were cited, and 24.5% (N = 56) were not included but were available in the literature within 12 months of trial commencement. When a SR was not included in the introduction or no SR was available within 12 months of trial commencement, interventional studies were commonly cited. The continent of the corresponding author predicated the possibility of inclusion of a SR in the introduction (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.18-0.71; p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
A quarter of orthodontic RCTs (24.5%) included in this study did not cite a SR in the introduction section to justify the rationale of the trial when a relevant SR was available. To reduce research waste and optimal usage of resources, researchers should identify or conduct a systematic review of the evidence to support the rationale and justification of the trial
Publication rate of abstracts from presentations at the British Orthodontic Conference 2009-2014.
No full textOBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the publication rate of scientific abstracts presented at the British Orthodontic Conference 2009-2014. Predictors of full-text publications after presentation of abstracts were explored.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Details of abstracts were retrieved from the conference programmes. Abstracts were screened and full-text publications identified by a single author with discrepancies discussed. Two electronic databases were searched to identify full-text publication of abstracts presented at the British Orthodontic Conference during 2009-2014. Study characteristics were recorded in a prespecified data collection sheet. Descriptive and correlation statistics were calculated. Multivariable Cox regression modelling was implemented in order to assess the effect of predictors on the instance of probability of publication.
RESULTS
A total of 225 abstracts (148 poster presentations and 77 oral presentations) were identified. Observational studies were frequent (60%) and significant results were reported in 38.7% of abstracts. The rate of full-text publication after abstract presentation was 46.2% with a mean time to publication of 18.3 ± 18.7 months. Authors based at both university and hospitals (Hazard ratio: 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-5.47, P=0.01) had a higher instant probability of publication compared to university only, whereas diagnostic studies (Hazard ratio: 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.74, P=0.02) had lower instant probability of publication compared to systematic reviews.
CONCLUSION
Over 50% of study abstracts presented at the British Orthodontic Conference during 2009-2014 remain unpublished. Author affiliation and study type appear to influence full text publication. In order to reduce publication bias within the literature, publication of full-text articles by authors of presented abstracts is encouraged
Reporting of the methodological quality of search strategies in orthodontic quantitative systematic reviews.
No full textBACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess the reporting of the methodological quality of search strategies undertaken in orthodontic quantitative systematic reviews (SRs) and hence their reproducibility.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A search of a single electronic database (Medline via PubMed) was undertaken to identify interventional orthodontic SRs with meta-analysis published within a 10-year period. The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews was also sourced. Full articles were reviewed by two assessors against the eligibility criteria. The reporting quality of each search strategy was assessed using a previously validated checklist with a score of 1 or 2 given for each of the eight items. Cumulative totals were calculated. Guided by previous research, the authors agreed the following cut-offs to categorize the overall level of quality: 8-10 (poor), 10-12 (fair), and greater than 13 (good).
RESULTS
A total of 127 SRs were analysed. The overall median quality score for the reporting of the search strategy was 14 [interquartile range (IQR): 13-15]. Cochrane SRs and those originating in Europe received higher aggregate scores, whereas no difference was evident based on Prospero registration. The continent of the corresponding author predicated the overall score. Non-Cochrane reviews achieved lower overall scores compared to Cochrane reviews (-1.0, 95% confidence interval: -1.65, -0.34, P = 0.003). The most frequently searched database was EMBASE (N = 93) and the median number of authors was 5 (IQR 4-6). Authors of 26.8% of SRs searched the grey literature. Language restrictions were applied to the search strategies of 88 (69.3%) SRs.
CONCLUSIONS
The reporting quality of search strategies undertaken in orthodontic SRs is at a good level but differences between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews currently exist. The reporting of searching of the grey literature and application of no language restrictions can be improved
Space closure versus space opening for bilateral absent upper lateral incisors: what is the duration of orthodontic treatment?
No full textBACKGROUND
Assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes such as treatment duration in patients with hypodontia are lacking.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the overall treatment duration of cases of bilateral absent upper lateral incisors treated with either orthodontic space closure (SC) or space opening (SO). The secondary aim was to determine factors which influence overall treatment duration.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken within the Orthodontic department at Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Consecutively treated patients between 2008 and 2018 with bilateral absent upper lateral incisors were identified from clinic lists, clinical logbooks, and multidisciplinary clinics. All study data variables were collected by a single investigator using a pre-specified data collection sheet.
RESULTS
In total, 52 cases were included, 29 in the SC group and 23 in the SO group. Overall non-extraction treatment was favoured (P = 0.001) with differences in restorations provided post-treatment evident (P = 0.01). Although not statistically significant, the mean overall orthodontic treatment duration was less in the SC group 25.7 months (SD 7.6) compared to the SO group 27.4 (SD 6.1). Overall treatment duration was reduced if treatment was carried out on an extraction basis (-7.02, 95% CI: -11.93, 2.11, P = 0.01) but increased as the amount of crowding in the lower arch increased (0.89, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.71, P = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
Within the study limitations, there is no difference in the overall treatment duration between both treatment approaches. Treatment duration is reduced in both SO or SC treatment plans if extractions are undertaken. The presence of lower arch crowding increases the duration of treatment
What you read is what you get: Are orthodontic randomized clinical trials correctly titled?
No full textINTRODUCTION
Because of their importance in health care research, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) should be correctly labeled in the title to ensure it reflects the methodologic standards undertaken. This study aimed to assess whether orthodontic RCTs are correctly titled RCTs, and trial characteristics that influence correct labeling in titles were explored.
METHODS
Orthodontic RCTs published between January 1, 2015 and September 30, 2020 in 7 orthodontic journals were identified. For a trial to be considered an RCT, random allocation sequence generation and allocation concealment mechanisms should be reported in the study methodology. Trial characteristics at the RCT level were extracted, and frequency distributions were calculated for the included trial characteristics. A 2-stage continuation ratio ordinal logistic regression model was used to assess associations between the dependent variable (non-RCT, unclear, RCT) and the trial characteristics.
RESULTS
One-hundred and seventy-three RCTs were analyzed. Of these, 112 (64.7%) were assessed as true RCTs, with 109 (64.1%) correctly labeled as RCTs. The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJODO) published the most trials that were correctly labeled as RCTs (90.5%). In the adjusted model, the type of journal influenced the correct labeling, with all journals compared with AJODO having lower odds of correct RCT classification. Multicenter trials were associated with higher odds of being correctly labeled as an RCT.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with previous investigations, the correct labeling of orthodontic RCTs in the title of the report has improved substantially. The type of journal and multicenter trials influenced the correct labeling of a trial as an RCT. The number and odds of RCTs being correctly labeled as RCTs were higher in trials published in AJODO
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