1,720,987 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Eliminating Potentiality from Pure Powers
No full textA research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Philosophy) to the Faculty of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023.I work to eliminate potentiality from the essences of pure powers, dispositions, by developing and defending a Megarian Actualist framework. I argue that the manifestations of fundamental natural powers are totally actual fields and that this enables me to avoid the Meinongian problem which affects traditional dispositionalist accounts. I adopt and defend
Molnar’s view of manifestations and contributions and later I defend against criticisms against Megarian Actualism by Aristotle, Molnar and Bird. Finally, I conclude by demonstrating that Megarian Actualism can still preserve modality at large, despite endorsing a strict necessity relation between manifestation and disposition.MM202
The moral permissibility of coercive treatment in psychiatry
No full textA research report submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Applied Ethics for Professionals, In the Faculty of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024The advent of psychopharmacological interventions in the middle of the 20th century accompanied by the improvements in psychotherapy has improved the outcomes of treatment of mental illness from the dark days of chronic institutionalisation in mental asylums to the ushering in of an era of deinstitutionalisation. Today it is established that psychiatric treatment is beneficial to people with mental illness and untreated mental illness has negative biopsychosocial consequences. However, some people with severe mental illness such as those with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder or other disorders such as anorexia nervosa, refuse psychiatric treatment despite its established benefits. In these cases, coercive treatment, which is involuntary psychiatric treatment without the patient’s consent, may be a consideration even if these people are not infringing on the rights of others. If coercive treatment is considered in these people with mental illness, there could be concerns about respect for autonomy and the infringement of coercive treatment on their rights. In this research report the autonomy of people with mental illness and the respect for their rights is weighed against the benefits of psychiatric treatment. It is argued that in some cases of mental illness the objection to psychiatric treatment may be non- autonomous as the person with mental illness may lack decisional capacity. It is further argued that psychiatric treatment has benefits that far outweigh the temporary infringement on rights by coercive treatment. The overall argument of this research report is therefore that coercive treatment in psychiatry is morally permissible, and that society has a moral obligation to treat people with mental illness even if that treatment includes coercive treatment in selected cases.MM202
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
An evaluation of genetic editing in terms of its impact on free will, genetic determinism and reason-responsiveness
No full textA research report submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters in Philosophy, In the Faculty of Humanities, School of Social Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024Genetic editing has advanced at an ever-increasing speed over the past five decades and has sparked curiosity from all corners of academia. This paper discusses genetic editing in terms of its interaction with philosophical topics relating to the freedom of will. A vast collection of literature has already been published regarding the ethical considerations of genetic editing, however, in this paper I put those concerns to the side and seriously analyse the impact a complete practice of genetic engineering would have on our free will in the context of a moderately reasons responsive framework. Theoretically, the discussion occurs under the theoretical position of compatibilism. The main claim of the argument which develops in this paper is that genetic editing is uniquely positioned to expand our scope of free will in line with a moderately reasons responsive understanding of free will.MM202
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