1,721,125 research outputs found
Subduction-related ultradepleted melts in a nascent arc: geochemical and isotopic evidence from the intrusive sequence of the new caledonia ophiolite
Full text linkThe obducted sections of intraoceanic arc lithosphere represent a favourable setting to investigate the crust generation in nascent arcs. The New Caledonia ophiolite hosts a mafic-ultramafic igneous sequence overlying harzburgitic rocks that underwent very high degrees of partial melting in a forearc setting (Marchesi et al., 2009; Secchiari, 2016). This sequence has been interpreted as a crust-mantle section in a nascent arc (Pirard et al., 2013). The igneous rocks include dunites, wehrlites and mafic rocks (mainly gabbronorites). Dunites and wehrlites derive from melt/peridotite interactions involving primitive arc tholeiites and boninitic liquids, whereas the mafic rocks are the result of cumulus processes (Marchesi et al., 2009; Pirard et al., 2013). The samples of this study are olivine gabbronorites occurring in the upper part of the sequence as metre-sized sills. Subhedral Ca-rich plagioclase (An = 90-96 mol. %) is the dominant phase (50-80 vol %). Mg-rich olivine (5-15 vol %, Fo = 87-89 mol %) occurs as irregularly shaped crystals. Cpx (15-20 vol%) is generally rimmed by interstitial to poikilitic Opx (5-15 vol %). Cpx shows high Mg# (88-92), low Al 2 O 3 (1.5-2.4 wt%) and negligible TiO 2 and Na 2 O contents. Bulk rock compositions are characterized by high Mg# (86-93) and very low incompatible trace element contents (e.g. LREE concentrations mostly below 0.1 times chondrite). They show marked LREE depletion, nearly flat and low HREE (Yb N = 0.2-0.9) and positive Eu anomalies. The highly depleted nature of these rocks is mirrored by Cpx trace element composition. In contrast, fluid-mobile trace elements are relatively enriched and distinct Pb and Sr positive anomalies are observed in both whole rocks and Cpx. The calculated compositions of putative liquids in equilibrium with the most primitive gabbronorites are consistent with melting of a refractory peridotite source in the spinel stability field. The inferred melts have high Mg# of 75-76 and very low REE, Nb, Zr, Hf contents. On the other hand, Ba, Pb and Sr spikes in the calculated liquids argue for the involvment of a subduction-related component. Overall, the liquids show geochemical signatures akin to olivine boninite melts with lower absolute concentrations of LREE and other incompatible trace elements (Ba, Pb, Sr, Zr, Hf). We propose that the New Caledonia gabbronorites reflect injection of primitive, ultradepleted (“boninitelike”) magma batches in the lower forearc crust, possibly before aggregation, during the first phases of arc formation. The investigated gabbronorites provide homogeneous initial Nd isotope compositions (e Nd ranging between +8.2 and +9.4), coupled with high 208Pb/207Pb and 207 Pb /Pb ratios, falling in a domain intermediate between DMM and Pacific sediments. The heterogeneous Pb isotopic signature of the gabbronorites most likely reflect a subarc asthenospheric mantle source variably modified by subduction-related fluids
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Paleozoic tectonics of the southern Chinese Tianshan: Insights from structural, chronological and geochemical studies of the Heiyingshan ophiolitic m?lange (NW China)
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Polyphase fracturing and control of supergene nickel deposits in New Caledonia : New exploration methods and deposit models
No full textLa connaissance minéralogique et géochimique des gisements de nickel latéritique est sans aucun doute plus approfondie que celle de leur structuration. En effet, le profil d’altération oblitère le réseau de fracture affectant la roche mère sous-jacente, pourtant indispensable pour l’évaluation de la ressource car elle contrôle l’essentiel de l’altération et donc la libération du nickel. La Nappe des Péridotites de Nouvelle-Calédonie constitue un objet exceptionnel d’étude de la fracturation au sein d’une ophiolite mantellique car le soulèvement majeur et les phases d’érosion subséquentes, qu’elle a subis du Miocène à l’Actuel, ont permis de mettre au jour la structure en trois dimensions. Cependant, la facilité d’accès à la ressource fait qu’à ce jour assez peu d’études structurales ont été conduites sur les gisements, ou le plus souvent, sont restées confidentielles. L’objectif de cette étude est de mieux comprendre l’influence de la structuration de l’ophiolite sur la genèse des gisements de nickel latéritique en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cette étude multi-échelle a porté sur l’ensemble de la Nappe des Péridotite et se scinde en deux volets : 1) une étude structurale de terrain, et 2) l’interprétation de données d’électromagnétisme nouvellement acquises. Cette campagne de géophysique héliportée a été effectuée sur trois zones minières représentatives des différents types (morphologiques et génétiques) de gisements rencontrés en Nouvelle-Calédonie (les massifs de Koniambo et du Kopéto-Boulinda et au sud, la zone de Plaines des Lacs – Goro - Port-Boisé).L’analyse de la fracturation des péridotites est primordiale pour comprendre les chemins de migration des eaux météoriques et donc les variations d’épaisseur du profil d’altération. Une approche minéralogique et texturale est nécessaire afin de distinguer les différents épisodes de fracturation et de remplissage statiques ou cinématiques, et permet de proposer une chronologie relative. À la suite de cet inventaire, il est possible d’identifier ces objets sur les profils d’électromagnétisme. Cette analyse permet de visualiser la géométrie des structures jusqu’à une profondeur de 300 m et montre un lien direct entre les approfondissements du profil d’altération et la présence de certaines fractures. Ainsi, il apparait clairement que les eaux météoriques empruntent des chemins préférentiels fonction de la morphologie générale du massif elle-même issue des structures héritées.La géométrie des structures visualisées par la géophysique, combinée aux observations de terrain, permet de mieux appréhender la complexité du système. A l’issue de ce travail, il est possible de replacer chacun des types d’objets observés dans leur contexte géodynamique et ainsi de restituer l’histoire de l’ophiolite depuis l’accrétion océanique jusqu’à son émersion à l’Oligocène. Un modèle révisé de la genèse des gisements de nickel en Nouvelle-Calédonie est présenté et de nouveaux guides d’exploration sont proposés. L’électromagnétisme s’avère être une méthode particulièrement adaptée pour visualiser la géométrie globale du profil d’altération et constitue une aide substantielle à la prospection et la modélisation des gisements de nickel.The mineralogical and geochemical understanding of lateritic nickel ore deposits is undoubtedly better constrained than their tectonic structure. Indeed, the fracture network of the underlying bedrock is typically concealed beneath a thick weathering profile. However, this fracture network strongly controls weathering and ultimately nickel release from peridotites, thus improving its knowledge appears critical in the evaluation of nickel resources. In New Caledonia, the Peridotite Nappe is a particularly outstanding case study because Early Miocene to Recent uplift and subsequent erosion allow the structure of a mantle ophiolite to be observed in three dimensions. However, due to the easy access to nickel resources, only a few structural studies have been undertaken, or remained confidential. The main objective of this study is to better constrain the role of the fracture network of the Peridotite Nappe in the genesis of New Caledonia’s lateritic nickel ore deposits.A multiple-scale study of the whole Peridotite Nappe has been performed following two main parts: i) field-based structural observations and analyses; and 2) interpretation of new acquired heliborne electromagnetic data. The latter focused on three mining areas (massifs of Koniambo and Kopéto-Boulinda; and, Plaine des Lacs – Goro - Port-Boisé), which are representative of the different types (morphologic and genetic) of nickel ore deposits encountered in New Caledonia.The study of the fracture network is essential in the understanding of the migration of meteoric waters and thus thickness variations of the weathering profile of peridotites. A mineralogical and textural approach has been undertaken to distinguish the various steps of fracture development on the basis of static or synkinematic infill events and eventually allowed a relative chronology to be proposed. Following this inventory, it has been possible to identify these objects on electromagnetism profiles. This analysis allows visualizing the geometry of controlling fractures at depth and reveals a direct link between deepening of the weathering profile and the fracture network. Ultimately, it clearly appears that meteoric waters use preferential pathways that in turn depend on the geomorphology of each massif, which originate from the inherited fracture network. The combination of geophysical data interpretation and field observations allow a better understanding of the complex nappe structure. Our results allow every described tectonic object to be replaced in its geodynamic setting and thus the full ophiolite history to be restored, from oceanic accretion to emersion in Oligocene. A refined model for the genesis of New Caledonia’s lateritic nickel ore deposits is proposed, as well as additional metallotects for exploration. Electromagnetism appears to be appropriate for describing the overall geometry of the weathering profile and can be useful in prospecting and modelling nickel ore deposits
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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