1,721,117 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Geochemical, mineralogical and morphological analysis by spectroscopy of gossan from Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada, as Martian analogues
No full textLes chapeaux de fer de l’Arctique sont de bons analogues aux anciens systèmes hydrothermaux sur Mars puisque leur formation est initiée par des processus hydrologiques similaires. La présence de chapeau de fer sur Mars a été suggérée et s’il y en avait, ils représenteraient des cibles prometteuses pour la recherche de traces de vie passée. Ce projet visait à documenter la géochimie, la minéralogie, la morphologie et à faire la détection de carbone organique dans les chapeaux de fer arctiques à l’aide d’une variété d’instruments de spectroscopie pouvant être installés sur des astromobiles. Les analyses géochimiques ont révélé la prédominance du silicium, du calcium et du fer. La minéralogie des échantillons est dominée par le gypse ou le quartz, avec des quantités variables de silicates, de plagioclases, de sulfates, de pyrite et de goethite. Il existe une relation entre la minéralogie et la stratigraphie, les oxydes de fer se trouvant en surface et les sulfures de fer en profondeur. Du carbone organique a été détecté dans la plupart des échantillons. Une origine biologique est supposée, bien qu’aucune autre analyse n’ait été effectuée. La diffraction des rayons X a permis d’identifier plusieurs phases et était la seule technique capable de détecter les sulfures de fer, bien qu’elle ait été moins efficace pour détecter les oxyhydroxydes de fer. La combinaison de la réflectance visible proche-infrarouge, de la réflectance infrarouge moyen-thermique et de la spectroscopie de Raman nous a permis de déduire une minéralogie similaire à ce qui a été détecté par la diffraction des rayons X. Tous les sites étudiés ont été classés comme des chapeaux de fer réactifs, soit en interaction avec le pergélisol. Nous avons observé des profils de chapeau de fer classiques sur tous les sites, où la zone d’altération recouvre la zone de sulfure primaire, mais avec une variété de schémas de stratification. Les variations de composition et de morphologie intra et inter chapeaux de fer soulignent que des mécanismes locaux régulent la distribution spatiale des minéraux et des biosignatures associées. Des recherches supplémentaires visant à mieux comprendre ces variations locales permettraient de guider la recherche de biosignatures dans les chapeaux de fer sur Mars.Abstract : Arctic gossans are good analogs for ancient hydrothermal systems on Mars because their
formation is initiated by similar hydrological processes. They have been hypothesized to be
present on Mars and if they were, they would be of astrobiological interest. The aim of this
project was to document the geochemistry, mineralogy, morphology of Arctic gossans, and
to detect organic carbon in them using a variety of rover-mountable spectroscopic
instruments. Geochemical analyses revealed the predominance of silicon, calcium and iron.
The mineralogy of the samples is dominated by gypsum or quartz, with variable amounts of
silicates, plagioclase, sulfates, pyrite and goethite. There is a relationship between
mineralogy and stratigraphy, with iron oxides being present on the surface and iron sulfides
at depth. Organic carbon was detected in most samples, hypothesized to be of biological
origin, although no further analysis has been carried out. X-ray diffraction identified several
phases and was the only technique capable of detecting iron sulfides, although it struggled
with iron oxyhydroxides. The combination of visible-near infrared reflectance, mid-thermal
infrared reflectance and Raman spectroscopy enabled us to infer similar mineralogical results
to those with X-ray diffraction. All the sites studied were classified as reactive gossans,
interacting with permafrost. We observed classic gossan profiles at all sites, where the
weathering zone overlies the primary sulfide zone, but with a variety of stratification patterns.
Variations in composition and morphology within and between gossans highlight that local
mechanisms regulate the spatial distribution of minerals and associated biosignatures.
Further research to better understand these local variations would help guide the search for biosignatures in gossans on Mars
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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