1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Nanoscale Modification of Lignocellulosic Biomass Components for Value-Added Applications
No full textThe primary goal of this dissertation was to understand how modification of lignocellulosic nanomaterials enhances their properties for value-added applications. This is essential for meeting the current demand for sustainable alternatives. To offset the impacts of climate change while supporting a growing world population, “green” alternatives are required for many traditional, synthetic materials. This dissertation describes two key applications utilizing biomass waste to support sustainability. First, this research investigated the production of tailored activated carbons from fundamental biomass components. This effort resulted in models which allow for predictable, yet tunable activated carbon properties. The bio-derived carbons were then used in water treatment applications for PFAS removal to understand which activated carbon properties and feedstock component affect contaminant adsorption. Second, this research explored the surface functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals with functional biomolecules to develop efficient nanocarriers for agricultural applications.
In recent decades, there has been significant interest in using biomass to produce activated carbon for environmental remediation and energy storage applications. Previous studies have concentrated on individual biomass sources, neglecting the interactions among lignocellulosic components crucial to determine activated carbons’ structural properties and suitability for a variety of applications. This chapter sought to address this knowledge gap by exploring how the relative compositions of cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals, xylan, and lignin affected the resulting properties of activated carbons produced through a two-step chemical activation process. Simplex-lattice mixture designs were used to understand how the composition affected activated carbon specific surface area and micropore fraction. Mixture regression models showed that specific surface area was highest when the activated carbon was composed of 17% cellulose nanofibers and 17% cellulose nanocrystals sourced from wood pulp and 67% alkali kraft lignin by mass. In addition, the micropore fraction was largest with a precursor mixture of 50% cellulose nanocrystals and 50% lignin by mass. The presence of xylan in the feedstock mixtures did not impact the resulting activated carbon properties in a predictable manner. Equations produced by this work were experimentally validated to within 10% of the model values. The results of this investigation provide a foundation for future efforts to tune activated carbon properties based on feedstock biomass composition.
In response to strict regulations by the United States Environmental Protection Agency regarding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations in drinking water, the application aspect of this work investigated the efficacy of activated carbons derived from agricultural waste components for water treatment. By varying the proportions of lignin, cellulose nanocrystals, and cellulose nanofibers in the feedstock mixtures, specific PFAS adsorption efficiencies ranged from 31 to 98%, indicating that biomass structure influences contaminant adsorption. Activated carbon prepared from a mixture of 50% lignin, 35% cellulose nanocrystals, and 15% cellulose nanofibers achieved over 98% removal of three regulated PFAS compounds without requiring additives or surface functionalization. In addition, this mixture effectively removed four unregulated short and long-chain PFAS. Specific surface area was shown to be the most critical factor in determining PFAS adsorption, and both positive and negative surface charges are beneficial to harness hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Conversely, cellulose nanofibers in the precursor led to lower adsorption. The combination of these two investigations aids in developing a structure-process-property relationship for the adsorption of contaminants from groundwater using biomass-derived activated carbons.
More sustainable agricultural practices are also critical to meeting humanity's food needs while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. Engineered nanomaterials used as nanocarriers promise to reduce the volume of agrochemicals required for efficient crop production but concerns about contamination of agricultural products motivate the use of naturally occurring alternatives. In the second portion of this research, plant-derived cellulose nanocrystals were investigated as “green” alternatives to synthetic nanomaterials for the delivery of agrochemicals to plants. The production of fluorescently labeled cellulose nanocrystals demonstrated that these nanocrystals could penetrate the plant cell wall and enter cells without causing any adverse effects on the overall plant phenotype, genome, and metabolome. The efficiency of these nanocarriers to deliver chemicals was demonstrated by the covalent conjugation of cellulose nanocrystals with the common herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Plant cell culture experiments confirmed that cellulose nanocrystals can be used as a 2,4-D nanocarrier and reduce the volume of plant growth regulators needed to cultivate plant cells. To further probe the use of cellulose nanocrystals as a carrier for a variety of agricultural biomolecules, plasmid DNA was electrostatically bound to cellulose nanocrystals to carry genetic information to the plant cell. Results showed that cellulose nanocrystals are effective at carrying genetic material to the target site in the plant cell and can do so at rates better than other biomolecules. The schemes described are the first reports of herbicide and DNA-conjugated cellulose nanocrystals. Additionally, this work creates a new platform for cyclical agricultural practices where cellulose nanocrystals extracted from agricultural waste can be used for the direct delivery of agrochemicals to crops, thereby reducing the environmental burden created by both agricultural waste and excess herbicides.
Overall, this dissertation advanced understanding and utilization of lignocellulosic nanomaterials through microscale modifications, which is crucial for enhancing sustainability and moving towards a greener economy. This work bridges fundamental research with practical applications and provides insight into the structure-property-processing relationships essential for advancing the use of biomass-derived nanomaterials in large-scale operations. By repurposing waste biomass into functional nanomaterials, humans can create innovative and sustainable solutions from materials that are often viewed as waste
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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