1,721,023 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_09567976231202450 – Supplemental material for The Gender-Equality Paradox in Chess Holds Among Young Players: A Commentary on the Vishkin (2022) Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_09567976231202450 for The Gender-Equality Paradox in Chess Holds Among Young Players: A Commentary on the Vishkin (2022) Study by Clotilde Napp and Thomas Breda in Psychological Science</p
Optimal Risk Sharing for Law Invariant Monetary Utility Functions
Get PDFWe consider the problem of optimal risk sharing of some given total risk between two economic agents characterized by law-invariant monetary utility functions or equivalently, law-invariant risk measures. We first prove existence of an optimal risk sharing allocation which is in addition increasing in terms of the total risk. We next provide an explicit characterization in the case where both agents' utility functions are comonotone. The general form of the optimal contracts turns out to be given by a sum of options (stop-loss contracts, in the language of insurance) on the total risk. In order to show the robustness of this type of contracts to more general utility functions, we introduce a new notion of strict risk aversion conditionally on lower tail events, which is typically satisfied by the semi-deviation and the entropic risk measures. Then, in the context of an AV@R-agent facing an agent with strict monotone preferences and exhibiting strict risk aversion conditional on lower tail events, we prove that optimal contracts again are European options on the total risk.Monetary utility functions, comonotonicity, Pareto optimal allocations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Gender stereotypes embedded in natural language are stronger in more economically developed and individualistic countries
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gender stereotypes embedded in natural language are stronger in more economically developed and individualistic countries
No full text• Gender differences in Body Dissatisfaction: a large-scale investigation among adolescents using two international surveys
No full textBody dissatisfaction is closely linked to low self-esteem, reduced well-being, as well as mental health issues, and eating-related pathologies, which are increasingly prevalent worldwide, particularly among women. Understanding gender differences in body dissatisfaction is therefore an important issue. Previous studies often rely on small, non-representative samples from single developed countries.
This study aims to analyze gender differences in body dissatisfaction using two large-scale international surveys, covering 70,000 teenagers aged 15 to 16 across 9 countries and 200,000 teenagers aged 11 to 16 across 41 countries.
Girls report significantly higher body dissatisfaction than boys, regardless of Body Mass Index, socioeconomic background, age, or country. Additionally, for girls, body image concerns appear more central, with body dissatisfaction showing stronger negative associations with life satisfaction and self-efficacy compared to boys. Within countries, the gender gap is more pronounced among high-performing students, teenagers from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, older teenagers, and those with higher BMI.
The gender gap in body dissatisfaction varies across countries, primarily driven by greater variability in girls' body dissatisfaction. Countries with larger gender gaps also show wider gender disparities in life satisfaction, eating disorders and depression.
Notably, body dissatisfaction satisfies the Gender Equality Paradox, with larger gender differences in more developed countries, mainly due to higher dissatisfaction among girls.
We also examine the role of social norms. Stereotypes associating women more with physical appearance than abilities are more prevalent in more developed countries. Moreover, these stereotypes are associated with greater body dissatisfaction among women and larger gender differences in body dissatisfaction. Our analysis suggests that these stereotypes may at least partly explain the Gender Equality Paradox in body dissatisfaction.
By identifying the patterns and drivers of gender differences in body dissatisfaction, this study provides a foundation for more effective strategies to address this important issue
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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