1,720,978 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Phenotypic and functional characterization of resident memory T cells infiltrating non-lesional skin of vitiligo patients
No full textLe vitiligo est la maladie inflammatoire cutanée dépigmentante la plus fréquente résultant de la perte des mélanocytes, cellules responsables de la couleur de notre peau. Les lésions repigmentées après traitement ont tendance à récidiver au même site cutané après arrêt de toute intervention thérapeutique, en faveur d’une mémoire locale cutanée, associée à une implication des lymphocytes T résidents mémoires (LTRM). Ces LTRM sont retrouvés en bordure immédiate des lésions (zone péri-lésionnelle, PL) produisant d’importantes quantités de cytokines de type-1 (IFNγ et TNFα).De récentes données suggèrent la présence de LTRM dans la peau non-lésionnelle (NL) des patients. Le premier objectif de mon projet de thèse a été de caractériser ces LTRM de la peau NL des patients atteints de vitiligo en comparaison à la peau PL. Nos analyses de séquençage sur cellule unique (scRNAseq) identifient des clusters de LT communs à la peau NL et PL et présentant un profil transcriptionnel similaire. De plus, ces LT semblent partager des spécificités antigéniques, comme le montre la présence de clones communs par séquençage du récepteur des LT (TCR). Nos analyses par cytométrie en flux et immunofluorescence multispectrale montrent un infiltrat plus important de LT CD8+ dans la peau NL des patients en comparaison à de la peau saine de sujets contrôles. Cet infiltrat est composé des mêmes sous-populations de LTRM retrouvées dans la peau PL. De plus, après activation in situ des LT cutanés, la peau NL et PL des patients présentent un profil transcriptionnel inflammatoire similaire, différent de la peau saine. Les LT montrent également un même profil de sécrétion de cytokines, avec non seulement des cytokines de type-1 (IFNγ) mais également de type-2 (IL-13), bien que le niveau de production soit moins important au niveau de la peau NL par rapport à la peau PL. Ces données suggèrent que la peau NL des patients atteints de vitiligo, bien que cliniquement saine, contiendrait déjà des LTRM potentiellement « pathogéniques » qui pourraient être impliqués dans les phases de poussées et des récidives de la pathologie. Nous montrons que PD-1 (un récepteur inhibiteur) pourrait participer au maintien des LTRM de la peau NL dans un état d’épuisement/quiescence.La mise en évidence que les LT infiltrant la peau des patients atteints de vitiligo produisent également des cytokines de type-2, en particulier de l’IL-13 nous a amené à étudier le rôle de cette cytokine la physiopathologie du vitiligo. Un deuxième objectif de ma thèse a été d’analyser l’impact de l’IL-13 sur la fonction et le détachement des mélanocytes ainsi que sur l’inflammation épidermique dans des cultures primaires de cellules épidermiques ou dans un modèle 3D d’épiderme reconstruit pigmenté. Nous montrons que l’IL-13 ne semble pas réguler directement les fonctions mélanocytaires, mais pourrait coopérer avec l’IFNγ et le TNFα dans l’altération de la réponse inflammatoire épidermique.Dans son ensemble, nos données apportent de nouvelles connaissances sur la physiopathologie du vitiligo avec notamment la mise en évidence d’une altération de la réponse immunitaire au niveau de la peau NL renforçant l’intérêt d’instaurer un traitement précoce pour prévenir l’évolution de la maladie.Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting skin disease resulting from the loss of melanocytes, the cells responsible of our skin color. Following cessation of the treatment, depigmentation often recurs on previously affected areas, suggesting a local cutaneous memory response with the implication of resident memory T lymphocytes (TRM). These TRM are found close to depigmented lesions (perilesional site, PL) and display a type-1 skewed immune response (production of IFNγ and TNFα).Recent data pointed out the presence of TRM in non-lesional (NL) skin of vitiligo patients. The first objective of my thesis project was to characterize these NL TRM in comparison to the PL skin. Our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analyses identify common T cell clusters in both NL and PL skin with a similar transcriptional profile. Moreover, PL and NL skin T cells share similar antigen specificity, as shown by the presence of common T cell clones using TCR sequencing. Flow cytometry and multispectral immunofluorescence analyses show a more prominent CD8+ T cell infiltrate in NL vitiligo skin in comparison to healthy controls skin. Interestingly, PL and NL vitiligo skin harbor similar TRM subsets. In addition, following in situ activation of skin T cells, NL and PL vitiligo skin display a similar inflammatory transcriptional profile, different from the healthy skin. Skin T cells also display a common cytokine secretion profile with the production not only of type-1 related cytokines (IFNγ) but also of type-2 related cytokines (IL-13), albeit at lower levels in NL skin compared to PL skin. These data suggest that “pathogenic” TRM are already present in pigmented areas and could contribute to inflammatory flare-ups and relapse of vitiligo. Lastly, our results suggest that the immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 (an inhibitory receptor) may prevent the activation of TRM in patients pigmented skin.As mentioned above, vitiligo sin T cells also release type-2 related cytokines, in particular IL-13, suggesting a potential role of this cytokine on melanocyte function and subsequent loss and/or on the epidermal inflammation. Using epidermal primary cultures and a 3D model of reconstructed pigmented human epidermis, we show that IL13 alone has a weak or no direct effect on melanocyte loss or alteration of melanocyte function. This cytokine may rather cooperate with IFNγ and TNFα to promote the epidermal inflammatory response.Altogether, our results bring new insights about the physiopathology of vitiligo, highlighting that alteration of the immune response is already present in NL skin, strengthening the interest to establish an early treatment to prevent or delay the development of the disease
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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