238 research outputs found
The power of VNA-driven quasi-optics to sense group molecular action in condensed phase systems
No full text© © 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.The versatility for quasi-optical circuits, driven by modern vector network analysers, is demonstrated for the purpose of low energy (meV) coherent spectroscopy. One such example is shown applied to the curing dynamics of a non-mercury-based dental cement. This highlights the special place the methodology holds as a 'soft-probe' to reveal the time-resolved energetics of condensed phased systems as they self-organise to adopt their low energy state.The authors would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, UK) for generous support (EP/1014845)
Skiing Home at Dusk; The House Not Home; Solstice, Entering Capricorn
No full textJay Parini, who teaches at Middlebury College, is the author of several books including Anthracite Country (poems), and Theodore Roethke: An American Romantic
Functional equivalence and domestication strategies in film translation
No full textThe issue of equivalence has long been of crucial importance in translation theory, even though its definition and interpretation have often caused controversy among theorists within this field in the past fifty years. Undoubtedly, Eugene Nida is among the scholars who have approached the question from a functionalist perspective, proposing his well-known distinction between formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence. It is a fact that in his pursuit of naturalness Nida theorises a target oriented approach to translation, an approach aiming at domesticating the target text, where “the target text language should not show interference from the source language, and the ‘foreignness’ of the source text setting is minimised” (Nida 1964: 167-8, quoted in Munday 2008: 42). Considering these assertions, it is not surprising that Venuti holds “Nida’s concept of dynamic equivalence up as the epitome of domesticating translation” (Woodham 2002: 138). Moreover, Nida’s statements related to the necessity of adaptations of grammar, lexicon and cultural references have sometimes been interpreted as a licence to freely manipulate the text in the name of functional equivalence. The relationship between functional equivalence and domestication strategies is particularly evident within the field of audiovisual translation. This is especially the case of dubbing, rather than subtitling. It is the nature of the two different screen translation modes that makes the former more inclined towards domestication and the latter towards foreignization. A clear example of the relationship between the search for functional equivalence and the use of domesticating strategies in dubbing can be found in the Italian versions of Quentin Tarantino’s films. Among the elements that characterise Tarantino’s style it is worth mentioning the numerous references to films and directors that are found in all the films written by the author. The aim of this analysis is to investigate the approaches adopted by the various film adaptors who have translated his screenplays into Italian in the specific case of the direct references to films and directors cited in the dialogues. It is a fact that the films written by Quentin Tarantino have been translated into Italian by different people and This obviously accounts for the fact that the translation strategies adopted are by no means homogeneous. This lack in homogeneity of strategies is observable at various levels (Parini 2000), and the case of the references in question is no exception
Extrusion freeforming of millimeter-wave electromagnetic bandgap(EBG)photonic crystals
No full textExtrusion freeforming can be used for the rapid prototyping of millimeter-wave electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. In this work, an alumina-polymer paste with a relatively high volatility solvent (propanol) was used and the characteristics of the ceramic paste, particularly the rheological features are described. The advantage of high volatility solvent is that the viscosity and elastic modulus of the paste are increased sharply as the solvent evaporates. Thus, the rigidity of the extruded filament is quickly increased as a small amount of solvent evaporates. Finally, by employing this procedure, different EBG structures such as 2-D, 3-D woodpile and aperiodic structures were fabricated and their bandgaps were measured. The experimental results show that extrusion freeforming is a relatively simple and easy method to fabricate these woodpile structures with a bandgap in the 90-110 GHz regio
Functional equivalence and domestication strategies in film translation
No full textOne of the charges made against Nida's theory of dynamic equivalence is that “if we follow his injunction to preserve the genius of the target language, it will mean suppressing the Otherness of the source language” (Fawcett 1997). As a matter of fact, achieving functional equivalence in a translated text quite often implies strategies of domestication (Venuti, 1995). Countless examples of domestication strategies aiming to achieve functional equivalence can be found in Italian dubbing. Italian dubbing professionals have often claimed that the ultimate aim of their profession is to make the translation invisible, in order to create an effect of suspension of disbelief in the spectators (Galassi, 1994). In other words, their purpose is to make the dialogues sound as natural as possible, so that the audience are not disturbed in their vision by destabilizing unfamiliar linguistic and cultural elements. Such a target oriented approach very often leads to justify extreme examples of adaptation of the source text, and sometimes one might even wonder whether we can still speak about a search for functional equivalence, rather than simply of manipulation. A clear example can be found in the various strategies adopted in the Italian versions of Questin Tarantino's films. For the purposes of this paper, the particular case of the references to film titles has been taken into consideration. Being Tarantino an expert cinephile, such references are definitely recurrent in the dialogues of his films. However, the Italian translators quite often appear to have adopted a functional approach limited to the level of the single line to be dubbed, and not to the level of the macrocontext made up of the whole filmography of the author. Sometimes they have adopted strategies of substitution, others of generalization, others of omission, and even in the cases where the translation turns out to be functional at the level of the microcontext of the lines, most of the time such equivalence is achieved at the expense of a more comprehensive macrocontext
Extrusion freeforming of millimeter wave electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures
No full textPurpose – The aim of this paper is to provide an easy method of extrusion freeforming to fabricate microwave electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) crystals. EBG crystals are periodic dielectric structures that can block wave propagation and generate a bandgap. These crystals can be used in high capability antennae, electromagnetic wave semiconductors, microresonators, high-reflectivity mirrors and polarizing beam splitters.Design/methodology/approach – The effects of extrusion process parameters and paste characteristics were investigated. Finally, one-period and two-period woodpile EBG crystals with bandgaps in the frequency region of 90-110?GHz were fabricated and the bandgap was measured.Findings – The filament diameter is influenced by whether extrusion is carried out with or without a substrate and by the free fall-distance from the nozzle. The quality of lattice structures is dependent on paste flow and properties. A ceramic paste with 60?vol.?% (the fraction of ceramic powder based on solvent-free polymer) was well suited to fabrication. The solvent content also influenced the fabrication. The experimental results show that under ~12 per cent solvent mass fraction in the paste and relatively high extrusion ram velocity (more than 0.014?mm/s) at a pressure of 14?MPa, samples with high quality were fabricated.Originality/value – This paper demonstrates that the rapid prototyping method of extrusion freeforming can be applied for the fabrication of EBG crystals from ceramic powders and the important factors which influence the product quality are identified
Fabrication and evaluation of solid freeformed electromagnetic bandgap structures
No full textMicrowave electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures have potential applications in improving the radiating features of antennas and the transmission properties of waveguides. Extrusion freeforming is a rapid prototyping technique for assembling ceramic dielectric lattice structures directly from a computer design file. It is without heating, cooling or polymerization processes to contend with at the construction stage. Various limitations on overall build thickness prompted us to explore lamination by welding to produce larger three-dimensional quasi-crystals. Microwave transmission through normal and side incidence showed that the bandgap frequency was in the 90–110 GHz region in all directions, matching the design that was informed by computer modelling. In order to image the EBG internal crystal structure, micro-computed tomography was used for scanning and reconstruction. Finally, the effect of structural defects including roundness and sagging of filaments and deviation of inter-filament spacing caused by fabrication errors on bandgap frequency was investigated.<br/
To translate or not to translate dialects in subtitling? The case of Pif’s "La mafia uccide solo d’estate"
No full textThe difficulty of translating dialects has been extensively studied over the years, firstly by scholars who focused on the (un)translatability of dialects in literature, and more recently by an increasing number of academics who have been investigating the issue within the field of audiovisual translation, both in dubbing and in subtitling. This study aims to analyse the strategies used in subtitling to translate into English the Sicilian dialect spoken in the Italian film La mafia uccide solo d’estate, directed by Pif in 2013. In this film, the use of dialect is not simply a tool to indicate the geographical origins of the characters, but it is exploited to construe their identity. Indeed, language variation is a device used purposefully to distinguish the ‘good’ characters from the ‘bad’ ones, and, as such, it is a means of identification. The results of the analysis will also be compared to those of previous studies conducted in this research area. Finally, the paper will attempt to provide some potential solutions that might be adopted in the subtitling of similar products, based on previous studies performed by the author on the original dialogues of some Hollywood films
Rapid prototyping of ceramic millimeterwave metamaterials: Simulations and experiments
No full textRapid prototyping by an extrusion freeforming technique, of ceramic metamaterials based on a woodpile structure at millimeterwave frequencies has been performed. The finite difference time domain technique is applied for the design and characterization of the proposed metamaterials. The transmittance of the millimeterwave metamaterials is measured in the range of 75–110 GHz. Both measurement and simulation results are in good agreement
Fabrication of electromagnetic crystals by extrusion freeforming
No full textElectromagnetic crystals have potential applications from microwave to optical frequencies. At present, several methods can be applied to fabricate these structures, for example, stereolithography and wafer etching. In this work, extrusion freeforming, one of the linear solid freeforming methods, was used to fabricate electromagnetic crystals and the forming, drying, debinding and sintering stages are described. This method allows structures to be designed on a computer file and rendered directly as physical objects so that prototypes can be created quickly. A wide range of ceramic powders can be used so that dielectric constant and loss factor can be tailored. Structures with deliberate defects such as missing filaments or circular structures can be made
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