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Toward a Grammar of the Inka Khipu: Investigating the Production of Non-numerical Signs
No full textInka khipus were a unique pre-Columbian semiotic technology that used three-dimensional signs—primarily knots, cords, and colors—as symbols functionally akin to those of writing systems in other cultures. Spanish chroniclers reported that khipus recorded everything from census records, to histories, and songs. Numerical Inka khipu signs were deciphered in the 1920s. However, scholars still have not deciphered any non-numerical Inka khipu signs, nor have they empirically demonstrated how such signs would have worked—whether as phonetic signs, individualized mnemonic devices, or types of semasiographic signs. I demonstrate that non-numerical khipu signs worked as Peircean dicent symbolic legisigns (dicent symbols, or predicates) in binary, hierarchical pairs. Furthermore, I argue that these paired legisigns were conventionalized across the Inka Empire, but circumscribed by genre and political geography. Over the course of my analysis, I decipher several non-numerical signs and demonstrate their use in Inka khipus. Finally, building on my findings from individual signs, I outline a preliminary grammar of the Inka khipu.Anthropolog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Artificial Intelligence and the Interpretation of the Past
No full textArtificial intelligence is reshaping the contemporary world. Trickling deeper into archaeology and history, these technological changes will influence how the past is written about and visualized. Through the evaluation of text and images generated using AI, this article considers the systemic biases present in reconstructed archaeological scenes. We draw on advances in computer science, running large-scale, computational analyses to evaluate patterns in content. We present a case study examining Neanderthal behavior, juxtaposing published archaeological knowledge with images and text made using AI. Our study reveals a low correspondence between scientific literature and artificially intelligent material, which reflects dated knowledge and cultural anachronisms. Used to identify patterns in (mis)representations of the past, the methodology can be applied to understand the distance between scholarly knowledge and any domain of content generated using AI, across any archaeological time depth and beyond the discipline. La inteligencia artificial está transformando el mundo contemporáneo. Al expandirse hacia la arqueología y la historia, estos cambios tecnológicos influirán en la manera en que se escribe y se visualiza el pasado. Mediante la creación de textos e imágenes, generados por inteligencia artificial, este artículo examina los sesgos sistémicos presentes en la reconstrucción de escenas arqueológicas. Desarrollamos enfoques cada vez más frecuentes en la arqueología que se basan en avances de las ciencias computacionales, realizando análisis computacionales a gran escala para evaluar patrones en textos e imágenes. Presentamos un estudio de caso sobre el comportamiento neandertal, en el que contrastamos el conocimiento arqueológico publicado con imágenes y textos generados por IA. Nuestro estudio revela una baja correspondencia entre la literatura científica y los contenidos producidos mediante inteligencia artificial, los cuales reflejan conocimientos desactualizados y anacronismos culturales. Esta metodología, empleada para identificar patrones en las (mal)representaciones del pasado, puede aplicarse para comprender la distancia entre el conocimiento académico y cualquier tipo de contenido generado con IA, en cualquier profundidad temporal arqueológica e incluso más allá de la disciplina.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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