196,097 research outputs found
Carbon content and structural characteristics of organic matter in soils of a climo-biosequences in the main range of Peninsular Malaysia
No full textClimate and vegetation are known to be the most important soil forming factors in determining carbon (C) contents and structural characteristics of organic matter (OM) in soils. Four representative soil profiles along a climo-biosequence in the Main Range of Peninsular Malaysia were investigated to determine the impacts of climate and vegetation on C contents and structural characteristics of OM. Soil samples from all genetic horizons were subjected to physical and chemical analyses. Structural characteristics of soil samples from selected horizons were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Soil organic carbon content to 1 m depth increased along the studied climo-biosequence, from 5.7 kg m-2 in Udult under hill dipterocarp forest to 8.9 kg m-2 in Humult under upper dipterocarp forest to 15.8 kg m-2 in Orthod under myrtaceous forest, reaching a maximum value of 49.6 kg m-2 in Saprist under ericaceous forest. FTIR spectra for the surface organic horizons showed an increase of aliphatic band (2920 cm-1 ) with increasing elevation from upper dipterocarp forest to ericaceous forest. The increase in aliphatic band with increasing elevation likely resulted from a selective preservation of aliphatic structures derived from original plants with high content of waxes. This study demonstrates that differences in C contents along the studied climo-biosequence are related to co-variation of climate and vegetation; however, vegetation, not climate, is the major driver of differences in structural characteristics of OM
Classification of New Zealand Arionacea (Mollusca : pulmonata). A revision of some endodontid genera (Endodontidae Pilsbry, 1894).
No full textThe following systematic revisions of New Zealand
taxa within the Arionacean subfamilies Flammulininae Climo, 1969,
Otoconchinae Cockerell, 1893 and Endodontinae Suter, 1913
(family Endodontidae Pilsbry, 1894) are based on quantitative
reappraisals of shell morphology and studies on radular and
soft-part morphology.
The last major revision of these New Zealand pulmonate
taxa was presented by Suter (1 913) i n his Manual of the New Zealand
Mollusca, and illustrated in his Atlas of Plates which appeared in
1915. Suter’s work was, as were the great majority of earlier
pulmonate systematic studies, based on studies of shell and radular
morphology, and was the major contribution towards the erection
of a systematic hierarchy which illustrated the indigenous nature
of the New Zealand endodontid fauna. Systematic studies on
Australian and New Zealand endodontids by the contemporary
worker T. Iredale resulted in the replacement of Suter1s hierarchy
which was influenced by the earlier works of H. A. Pilsbry.
Iredale’s higher classification of the New Zealand endodontid
fauna has been followed in Australia and New Zealand to the present
day, but not without question. The introductory paper in the series which comprises this thesis elaborates on, and shows that the doubts held about the Iredalian higher systematics can be
substantiated.
I was influenced by statements made by Solem (1959) to undertake an anatomical study of the New Zealand representatives of the family Endodontidae Pilsbry, 1894. Solem and other workers
have mentioned that the distinction between Charopidae Iredale,
1937 and Flammulinidae Iredale, 1937 was artificial. Solem also
stated that to understand the generic relationships within the large,
diverse group of molluscs which he classified in the redefined
subfamily Endodontinae Suter, 1913 (Charopidae and Flammulinidae),
anatomical studies would have to be undertaken.
Having shown that the distinction between Charopidae and
Flammulinidae was artificial (Part I), I then proceeded to systematically dissect all available New Zealand species within the redefined
subfamily Endodontinae. The results of these dissections have
provided information which enables the Endodontinae to be divided
into two taxa: the subfamilies Endodontinae and Flarnmulininae
Climo. Having established this higher systematic platform I then
revised the existing taxa in light of the new anatomical data and
information provided by studies in shell variation. The revisions
as here presented are part of a long term study which will eventually result in a review of the entire New Zealand endodontid fauna.
Lack of material and the time necessary to revise some genera
in the Flammulininae, and the large punctid complex (Punctinae
Morse, 1864) has made it impracticable to include a revision of
these taxa in this thesis
Stock, distribution, preservation and structure of organic matter in soils of a climo-biosequence from a pedogenic perspective
No full textSoil organic matter (SOM) represents the largest terrestrial pool of carbon (C). SOM characteristics such as stock, vertical distribution, preservation, and structural composition have been scarcely explored from pedogenic perspective. This study focused on a climo-biosequence in the Main Range of Peninsular Malaysia since it presents an opportunity to study the impacts of soil-forming factors, pedogenic processes, and soil properties on SOM characteristics. Soil samples from all genetic horizons of four representative soil profiles were subjected to routine physical,chemical, and mineralogical analyses. Particle-size fractionation and fulvic acid and humic acid extraction in combination with solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used as specific methods. Soil organic carbon stock to 1 m depth increased along the studied climo-biosequence, from 5.7 kg m-2 in Udult to 8.9 kg m-2 in Humult to 15.8 kg m-2 in Orthod, reaching a maximum value of 49.6 kg m-2 in Saprist. An increase in the proportion of fulvic acid with depth in soils where
podzolization was the active pedogenic process showed the translocation of fulvic acid from the A-horizon toward the B-horizon. Close relationships between the content of organic carbon (OC) in the <53 μm fraction and indicators of Fe oxides and allophanetype aluminosilicates in the B-horizon indicated the importance of Fe oxides and poorly crystalline aluminosilicates for preservation of OC in the subsoil. Alkyl C (20.1-75.2%) and O-alkyl C (16.8-67.7%) dominated the bulk soils and particle-size fractions. The proportion of alkyl C in the bulk soils and particle-size fractions of Ahorizon increased with increasing levation, while O-alkyl C showed opposite trend. This study demonstrates that SOM characteristics such as stock, vertical distribution,preservation, and structural composition are controlled by soil-forming factors (i.e.climate and vegetation), pedogenic processes, soil properties (i.e. texture and mineralogy), and pedogenesis, respectively
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Genesis of soils and carbonate enriched horizons in a climo-sequence developed over cretaceous limestone in Central and West Texas
No full textTypescript (photocopy).The Edwards Plateau covers 10 million ha in Central and West Texas (nearly 14% of the state) and is an important agricultural rangeland. A strong climo-gradient extends across the area with annual precipitation decreasing westward from 800 to 300 mm. There is a paucity of information on the shallow and stony soils derived from Cretaceous limestone. Following reconnaissance investigations of 34 sites, 15 pedons were sampled and analyzed for routine physical, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological data. Four pedons were selected for detailed mineralogical, elemental, and SEM analyses. These data serve for developing pedogenic models. Carbonate levels in surface horizons were significantly correlated with Thornthwaite's P-E (moisture) index. Soils in the western part of the area commonly had calcic or petrocalcic horizons. Argillic horizons were common in the easternmost part of the study area although illuvial argillans were difficult to verify except in protected areas such as pores within chert fragments. Euhedral, prismatic quartz grains were identified by SEM to be a prominent component of residues from hard crystalline limestones. These grains were used as marker minerals in identifying parent material discontinuities. Quartz grain morphology, particle size distribution, elemental assay, and mineralogical data indicate a discontinuity between the soil and subjacent limestone. The underlying rock should not, therefore, be considered as the soil parent material. Airborne dusts of uniform quantity and composition are deposited to the surface at the approximate rate of 1 mm/100 yrs. Marker minerals indicate, however, that these dusts are not accumulating on stable land surfaces because erosion presumably exceeds accretion.Differentiation of lithogenic (limestone) from pedogenic forms of carbonates in soils was accomplished by applying microfabric and stable carbon isotope methodologies. Both methods confirmed that massive indurated carbonate zones and much of the disseminated carbonates were pedogenically derived. Petrocalcic horizons occurring over limestone have formed through in situ pedogenic alteration and reconstitution of limestone. This is distinctly different from the 4-stage model of Gile et al. (1966). A new 3-stage model is proposed to describe the genesis of limestone derived petrocalcic horizons
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Charopa planulata Hutton 1883
No full textCharopa planulata Hutton, 1883 Pl. 4, figs. A, B Hutton, 1883. New Zealand Journal of Science, 1: 477. Type material. Lectotype (designated by Climo & Mahlfeld 1998: 2), CMNZ M12773 [ex M1039], and paralectotypes (2), CMNZ M1039 [ex ZS 671] (dry shells). Label details. CMNZ M1039—‘ Auckland, T.F. Cheeseman Coll.’ CMNZ molluscan catalogue details. M1039—‘ Allodiscus planulatus Hutton, Auckland (old number ZS 671)’. Type locality. ‘ Auckland (T. F. Cheeseman)’ (Hutton 1883g: 477, 1884b: 181). Previous illustrations of type material. Radula teeth illustrated by Hutton (1884b: pl. 9, fig. J) probably from type material; Climo & Mahlfeld (1998: fig. 1A—lectotype). Remarks. Hutton submitted a description of this species to the Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute issue for 1883, but publication was delayed until May 1884 (Hutton 1884b: 181), and was preempted by a brief description in an account of a meeting of the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury (Hutton 1883g: 477). There has been considerable confusion over the identity and distribution of Charopa planulata, as indicated by synonymies of Climo & Mahlfeld (1998) and Marshall & Barker (2008: 83, 85, 115, 116). Following misidentifications by Pilsbry (1892 [in 1892–1893]: 67; 1893 [in 1893–1895]: pl. 3, figs. 4–6), planulata was generally assigned to Allodiscus Pilsbry, 1892 at subgenus or genus level, and Hutton’s species name was misapplied to several different taxa, and interpreted as having a wide distribution in New Zealand (e.g., Suter 1913; Powell 1979). Climo & Mahlfeld (1998) stated that all previous records of planulata except the type material were of other species, and they reassigned Charopa planulata Hutton, 1883 to genus Chaureopa Climo, 1985. Charopa planulata Hutton, 1883 is possibly conspecific with Chaureopa microumbilicata Climo, 1985. Type material of the former taxon has a shell of up to 2.7 mm diameter at 4.0 whorls, with a slightly elevated spire, an almost closed umbilicus, teleoconch sculpture of crisp, closely-spaced, sigmoidal radial ribs, and a smooth, glossy protoconch of 1.3–1.4 whorls and maximum diameter of 0.53–0.60 mm. Chaureopa microumbilicata, with a holotype from Kauaeranga Valley, Thames, attains a slightly larger size than the type material of planulata (max. diameter of 3.15 mm at 4.6 whorls), but has similar shell shape and teleoconch sculpture. Shells of microumbilicata generally have a narrowly open umbilicus c. 8–13% of maximum shell diameter (e.g., AIM MA84935, MA96690, NMNZ M.62443, M.62444, M.78793, M.97634, M.186395, M.186508, M.301462), but some populations in Hunua Ranges and Thames, southeast of Auckland, contain shells that have the umbilicus almost closed, as in the type material of planulata (e.g., AIM MA84932, MA97021, NMNZ M.78794). Protoconch size in microumbilcata is also variable, ranging from 0.54–0.74 mm in maximum diameter, and 1.3–1.7 whorls. The two taxa have overlapping distributions: planulata was described from material collected in Auckland; microumbilicata has a sparse distribution in the northeastern North Island between Waiwera, north of Auckland, and Bay of Plenty (AIM and NMNZ collection records). Current taxonomy. Chaureopa planulata (Hutton, 1883) — Climo & Mahlfeld (1998: 1), Spencer et al. (2009: 215). Distribution. New Zealand; North Island, recorded from Auckland only by Climo & Mahlfeld (1998), but if synonymous with Chaureopa microumbilicata Climo, 1985 it has a wider, albeit sparse, distribution in the northeastern North Island, between Waiwera and Bay of Plenty.Published as part of Brook, Fred J., Kennedy, Martyn, King, Tania M., Ridden, Johnathon, Shaw, Matthew D. & Spencer, Hamish G., 2020, Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904, pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 4865 (1) on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4865.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/442842
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