1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
La protection contre l'apoptose par la mimosine rôle de la protéine p21 [indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1]
No full textNotre hypothèse de travail suppose que la protéine p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1] est ici responsable de la protection contre l'apoptose et que cet effet ne dépend pas de la phase G1 du cycle cellulaire. L'apoptose est détectée par la fragmentation internucléosomale de l'ADN et l'activation de caspases. L'enlèvement de la mimosine après 24h d'incubation permet aux cellules de retourner dans le cycle cellulaire tout en conservant, durant 24h, l'effet protecteur et un niveau élevé de p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1]. Ainsi, l'effet protecteur se trouve dissocié de la phase G1 et semble relié à l'induction de p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1]. Plusieurs stratégies ont été utilisées pour déterminer l'importance de p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1] dans l'inhibition de l'apoptose. D'abord, l'utilisation d'inducteurs de p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1], tels que le butyrate et l'apigénine n'a pas montré de protection contre l'apoptose."--Résumé abrégé par UMI
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Droit, neurosciences et responsabilité : les neurosciences transforment-elles notre conception de la responsabilité criminelle?
No full textTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2017-2018Dans ce mémoire, j’examine à travers les travaux du juriste et psychologue Stephen J. Morse la prétention selon laquelle les nouvelles connaissances issues des neurosciences sont appelées à transformer radicalement le droit criminel en fournissant des raisons d’abandonner la notion de responsabilité pénale. Le premier chapitre présente et critique l’idée que ces prétentions réformistes reposeraient sur des erreurs conceptuelles ou logiques. J’aborde aussi la thèse selon laquelle l’évaluation de la responsabilité criminelle repose sur des critères comportementaux insensibles aux données neuroscientifiques. Les chapitres suivants explorent deux manières par lesquelles les neurosciences transformeraient radicalement nos conceptions juridiques en mettant en doute la notion de responsabilité criminelle : par leur réfutation du libre arbitre et par leur conception de l’être humain comme un mécanisme biologique. Le deuxième chapitre s’interroge à savoir si le droit criminel présuppose le libre arbitre dans sa conception de la personne responsable. Je réponds négativement à cette question et argumente plutôt en faveur d’une conception de la responsabilité pénale fondée sur la possession de certaines capacités. Le troisième chapitre porte sur le rapport entre le droit et les explications mécanistes formulées en neurosciences. Certains craignent que si l’humain n’est qu’un mécanisme biologique, alors l’explication de l’action en termes d’états mentaux ne réfère à aucune réalité (éliminativisme par rapport aux états mentaux), ou du moins que les états mentaux ne figurent pas parmi les véritables causes de l’action (épiphénoménisme). Or, la réalité des états mentaux et leur efficacité causale sont des présupposés essentiels du droit criminel. Je soutiens que la solution de Morse, ancrée dans une théorie non réductionniste de l’esprit, repose sur une confusion et ne permet pas de répondre à ces défis. Le droit criminel devrait plutôt miser sur une approche réductionniste, non éliminative, s’il entend entretenir une relation harmonieuse avec les neurosciences.Some argue that neuroscience will have radical implications for the law. For instance, by identifying the brain-based causes of behaviour, neuroscience would rule out free will and consequently, make moral and criminal responsibility concepts and practices obsolete. In this MA thesis, I tackle this issue through the work of legal scholar and psychologist Stephen J. Morse. Chapter 1 critically assesses the “hard conservative” theses that reformist assumptions rely on conceptual and logical mistakes such as the naturalistic fallacy, the mereological fallacy or category errors, and that behavioral evidence always prevails over neuroscientific evidence. Subsequent chapters explore two ways neuroscience is taken to imply radical modifications to our legal responsibility concepts and practices: through its denial of free will and through its depiction of human beings as natural, biological mechanisms. Chapter 2 addresses the question whether the legal conception of a responsible person presupposes free will. I answer this question negatively and further argue that responsibility tracks mental capacity, not free will. Chapter 3 focuses on the mechanistic explanations in neuroscience and their implications for the law. The challenge is that, allegedly, if we humans only are biological mechanisms, then either mental states and agency more generally are not real (eliminativism) or they are real but have no causal power (epiphenomenalism). In both case, the legal conception of the responsible person is thoroughly problematic since it presupposes that persons really have intentions, desires, beliefs, and the like, and that these mental states can cause actions. I argue that Morse is wrong in relying on a non-reductionist theory of mind in his answer to this challenge since it rests on a confusion concerning reductivism. Thus, criminal law’s conception of a responsible person would be better defended through a reductionist, non-eliminative approach
La protection contre l'apoptose par la mimosine rôle de la protéine p21 [indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1]
No full textNotre hypothèse de travail suppose que la protéine p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1] est ici responsable de la protection contre l'apoptose et que cet effet ne dépend pas de la phase G1 du cycle cellulaire. L'apoptose est détectée par la fragmentation internucléosomale de l'ADN et l'activation de caspases. L'enlèvement de la mimosine après 24h d'incubation permet aux cellules de retourner dans le cycle cellulaire tout en conservant, durant 24h, l'effet protecteur et un niveau élevé de p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1]. Ainsi, l'effet protecteur se trouve dissocié de la phase G1 et semble relié à l'induction de p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1]. Plusieurs stratégies ont été utilisées pour déterminer l'importance de p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1] dans l'inhibition de l'apoptose. D'abord, l'utilisation d'inducteurs de p21[indice supérieur Waf1/Cip1], tels que le butyrate et l'apigénine n'a pas montré de protection contre l'apoptose."--Résumé abrégé par UMI
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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