1,720,967 research outputs found
Synthèse, caractérisations et évaluation de l'activité bactéricide de composés inorganiques à base de cuivre
No full textBacterial pathogens causing healthcare-associated-infections pose ongoing and increasing challenges to care facilities. In France, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for more than 40% of these infections. Due to the permanent adaptation of these bacteria to new antibiotics placed on the market, complementary solutions must be found. One of these solutions proposed in this thesis work aims to exacerbate performances of known bactericidal materials (synergistic effect) or to provide bactericidal properties to non-active compounds by partially substituting magnesium ions by cupric ones or vice versa. New solid solutions were thus highlighted. Solid state reaction, co-precipitation, hydrothermal routes or mechanosynthesis were employed to synthesize micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized particles of those desired compounds. When obtained, X-Ray Diffraction, electron microscopies, dinitrogen adsorption, IR/UV-visible spectroscopies, ThermoGravimetric Analysis-Mass Spectrometry and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy are used to determine the nature, composition and size of those particles as well as their stability in water or CO2 rich atmosphere. The evaluation of bactericidal properties in water and at 20°C showed that the partial substitution of magnesium by copper enhances the activity of compounds both in terms of magnitude and kinetics. These increased performances are not necessarily related to the copper content in the active compound.Les bactéries pathogènes responsables des infections associées aux soins posent des problèmes permanents et croissants dans les établissements de santé. En France, les bactéries Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus aureus sont responsables de plus de 40% de ces infections. Face à l'adaptation permanente de ces bactéries aux nouveaux antibiotiques mis sur le marché, des solutions complémentaires doivent être trouvées. Une des solutions proposée dans ce travail de thèse vise à exacerber les performances de composés bactéricides connus (effet de synergie) ou à procurer des propriétés bactéricides à des composés inactifs en substituant partiellement des ions magnésium par les ions cuivriques ou vice versa. De nouvelles solutions solides ont ainsi été découvertes. Des réactions dans l'état solide, la co-précipitation, la voie hydrothermale ou la mécanosynthèse ont été employées pour synthétiser des particules de taille micro- ou nanométrique des composés désirés. Une fois obtenues, la Diffraction des Rayons X, les Microscopies Electroniques, l'adsorption de diazote, les spectroscopies IR/UV-visible, l'Analyse ThermoGravimétrique couplée à la Spectrométrie de Masse et la Spectrométrie d'Emission Atomique ont été utilisées afin de déterminer la nature, la composition et la taille de ces particules ainsi que leur stabilité dans l'eau ou sous une atmosphère riche en CO2. L'évaluation des propriétés bactéricides dans l'eau et à 20°C révèle que la substitution partielle du magnésium par le cuivre accroît l'activité des composés à la fois en termes d'amplitude et de cinétique. Ces performances accrues ne sont pas nécessairement liées à la teneur en cuivre dans le composé actif
Synthesis, characterizations and bactericidal activity evaluation of copper-based inorganic compounds
No full textLes bactéries pathogènes responsables des infections associées aux soins posent des problèmes permanents et croissants dans les établissements de santé. En France, les bactéries Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus aureus sont responsables de plus de 40% de ces infections. Face à l'adaptation permanente de ces bactéries aux nouveaux antibiotiques mis sur le marché, des solutions complémentaires doivent être trouvées. Une des solutions proposée dans ce travail de thèse vise à exacerber les performances de composés bactéricides connus (effet de synergie) ou à procurer des propriétés bactéricides à des composés inactifs en substituant partiellement des ions magnésium par les ions cuivriques ou vice versa. De nouvelles solutions solides ont ainsi été découvertes. Des réactions dans l'état solide, la co-précipitation, la voie hydrothermale ou la mécanosynthèse ont été employées pour synthétiser des particules de taille micro- ou nanométrique des composés désirés. Une fois obtenues, la Diffraction des Rayons X, les Microscopies Electroniques, l'adsorption de diazote, les spectroscopies IR/UV-visible, l'Analyse ThermoGravimétrique couplée à la Spectrométrie de Masse et la Spectrométrie d'Emission Atomique ont été utilisées afin de déterminer la nature, la composition et la taille de ces particules ainsi que leur stabilité dans l'eau ou sous une atmosphère riche en CO2. L'évaluation des propriétés bactéricides dans l'eau et à 20°C révèle que la substitution partielle du magnésium par le cuivre accroît l'activité des composés à la fois en termes d'amplitude et de cinétique. Ces performances accrues ne sont pas nécessairement liées à la teneur en cuivre dans le composé actif.Bacterial pathogens causing healthcare-associated-infections pose ongoing and increasing challenges to care facilities. In France, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for more than 40% of these infections. Due to the permanent adaptation of these bacteria to new antibiotics placed on the market, complementary solutions must be found. One of these solutions proposed in this thesis work aims to exacerbate performances of known bactericidal materials (synergistic effect) or to provide bactericidal properties to non-active compounds by partially substituting magnesium ions by cupric ones or vice versa. New solid solutions were thus highlighted. Solid state reaction, co-precipitation, hydrothermal routes or mechanosynthesis were employed to synthesize micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized particles of those desired compounds. When obtained, X-Ray Diffraction, electron microscopies, dinitrogen adsorption, IR/UV-visible spectroscopies, ThermoGravimetric Analysis-Mass Spectrometry and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy are used to determine the nature, composition and size of those particles as well as their stability in water or CO2 rich atmosphere. The evaluation of bactericidal properties in water and at 20°C showed that the partial substitution of magnesium by copper enhances the activity of compounds both in terms of magnitude and kinetics. These increased performances are not necessarily related to the copper content in the active compound
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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