1,721,052 research outputs found
Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to 3-Ylidene Oxindoles: A Stereocontrolled Diversity Oriented Route to Oxindole Derivatives
No full textAn efficient and highly enantioselective Michael addition of nitroalkanes to 3-ylidene oxindoles is described, mediated by thiourea-based bifunctional organocatalysts. The stereochemistry at C-alpha and C-beta centers is perfectly controlled, and the intermediate C-3 enolate is trapped with a second Michael acceptor. The developed one-pot three-component consecutive reactions generate up to four contiguous stereocenters, including the C-3 all-carbon quaternary center, in a perfectly defined configuration. The conversion of the beta-nitro oxindole into the corresponding beta-amino derivative discloses synthetically useful transformations, exploitable to generate pharmaceutically attractive molecular targets
Mercury and methylmercury contamination in surficial sediments and clams of a coastal lagoon (Pialassa Baiona, Ravenna, Italy)
No full textThe Ramsar site Pialassa Baiona is an intertidal brackish lagoon lying 5 km north of the city of Ravenna and covering a surface area of about 1100 ha. From 1958 to 1976 Pialassa Baiona was heavily impacted by industrial pollution; mercury, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polymers were among the most important pollutants which nowadays contaminate the sedimentary compartment. Following earlier investigations on total mercury (THg) distribution and bioavailability, this study is focused on mercury speciation in sediments and clams. Methylmercury (MMHg) concentrations were determined in surface sediments (0-5 cm) in different seasons, and compared to THg. Selected sediments were subjected to a sequential extraction procedure to study solid state THg distribution. Operationally, three fractions of inorganic mercury were defined: mobile mercury (Hgm), humic acid complexed mercury (Hgha), and sulphide-bound mercury (Hgs). THg and MMHg concentrations in sediments ranged in the 0.2-250 μg g-1 and 0.13-45 ng g -1 d.w. intervals, respectively. MMHg/THg ratios were higher in summer as well as in sites where the THg burden was lower; the highest MMHg/THg values were observed in Chiaro del Pontazzo, an area subjected to a drastic reduction of salinity. THg and MMHg concentrations were also determined in tissues of clams (Tapes philippinarum) collected in the lagoon. MMHg in clams felt in the 180-470 ng g-1 interval and accounts for 72-95% of tissue THg. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Distribution of mercury and other heavy metals in core sediments of the northern Adriatic Sea
No full textSeven sediment cores were collected along a transect about 20 km off from the mouth of the Po River, in the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). Cores were characterised by different depositional sequences associated with late Pleistocene-Holocene lowstand (LST), transgressive (TST) and highstand (HST) system tracts. Sediment samples were analysed for mercury, copper, nickel, chromium, manganese and iron, as well as for total organic matter. Metal distribution generally showed vertical and spatial variability ascribed to grain size effects with no significant anthropogenic perturbation. Conversely, mercury showed vertical profiles characterised by surface enrichment, with concentrations in the upper layer (50-230 ng g-1) exceeding 3-11 times the background value of 20 ng g-1 determined in bottom cores. Surface maxima were attributed to anthropogenic mercury delivered mainly by the Po River
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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