1,721,079 research outputs found
Transitioning from single-sector management to ecosystem-based management: What can marine protected areas offer?
No full textHuman-driven impacts on marine habitats: a regional meta-analysis in the Mediterranean Sea
No full textHabitat destruction is one of the main threats to environmental integrity. Assessing the consequences
of human impacts is crucial both to predict and prevent structural and functional changes of habitats.
However, to date almost all studies on marine threats, from regional to global scales, have been
entirely qualitative and generally based on little more than expert opinion. We have developed a
meta-analytical approach to quantify overall effects of various stressors on different Mediterranean
habitat types and to compare the relative importance of different impacts across a range of habitats.
We first qualitatively reviewed and synthesized 366 experiments (either manipulative or correlative)
collected in the literature. After a selection procedure, we finally quantitatively meta-analyzed 158
experiments. We showed that fisheries (destructive or not), species invasion, aquaculture, sedimentation
increase, water degradation and urbanization have negative effects on Mediterranean habitats
and associated species assemblages. We also explored the overlap between the impacts identified
as important in the Mediterranean and those identified by experts as being important globally, highlighting
the inadequacies of relying on expert opinion alone. Finally, we drew attention to the critical
lack of empirical knowledge about marine systems in many areas of the Mediterranean, which
impedes the implementation of effective conservation measures. Our study is the first to synthesize
experimental analyses on human-driven impacts on marine habitats across such a broad geographic
scale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Marine protected areas overall success evaluation (MOSE): A novel integrated framework for assessing management performance and social-ecological benefits of MPAs
No full textCharacterized by interlinked social, economic, and ecological dynamics, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a management tool for achieving sustainability goals in social-ecological systems. The recent increase in their establishment worldwide, fostered by international policies, highlights the need for comprehensive and integrated assessment frameworks able to address the evaluation of their social-ecological effectiveness and management performance, which is of fundamental importance for their adaptive management and decision making processes. Although several indicators and methodologies exist to assess MPAs ecological or social performances, no comprehensive assessment framework currently captures their broad range of objectives, encompassing the ecological, socio-cultural, and economic spheres. In this study, we present a novel quantitative framework (named MPAs Overall Success Evaluation – MOSE) able to assess the overall effectiveness and management performance of MPAs under the perspective of social-ecological systems. The multicriteria framework includes indicators linked to nature conservation, socio-cultural, socio-economic, and management objectives, integrating the multidisciplinary knowledge on MPAs in a single but comprehensive approach. The proposed framework was applied to the case study of Cerbère-Banyuls Natural Marine Reserve (France), the first MPA included in the IUCN Green List. Results showed that a high level of management effort is applied to the investigated MPA, generating several social-ecological benefits. This study showed the applicability of the MOSE framework and its potential usefulness as a tool to inform managers and decision-makers in charge for developing adaptive management strategies
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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