93 research outputs found
Preface
No full textThe University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics (PWPL) is an occasional series published by the Penn Graduate Linguistics Society. The series has included volumes of previously unpublished work, or work in progress, by linguists with an ongoing affiliation with the Department, as well as volumes of papers from NWAV and the Penn Linguistics Colloquium/Conference. This volume contains selected papers from the New Ways of Analyzing Variation 48 (NWAV 48), held October 10-12, 2019 in Eugene, Oregon at the University of Oregon.
Thanks go to Faruk Akkus, George Balabanian, Johanna Benz, Nikita Bezrukov, Pik Yu May Chan, Gwen Hildebrandt, Alexandros Kalomoiros, Daoxin Li, Lefteris Paparounas, Nari Rhee, Caitlin Richter, Ollie Sayeed, and Christine Soh for their help in editing.
Since Vol. 14.2, PWPL has been an internet-only publication. As of September 2014, the entire back catalog has been digitized and made available on ScholarlyCommons@Penn. Please continue citing PWPL papers or issues as you would a print journal article, though you may also provide the URL of the manuscript.
An example is below:
Ceolin, Andrea. 2020. On functional load and its relation to the actuation problem. In University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 26.2, ed. Ruaridh Purse and Yosiane White, 39–48. Available at: http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol26/iss2/5
Publication in the University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics (PWPL) does not preclude submission of papers elsewhere; copyright is retained by the author(s) of individual papers.
The PWPL editors can be contacted at: U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, 3401-C Walnut Street, Suite 300, C Wing, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228 and [email protected].
Ruaridh Purse and Yosiane White, Issue Editor
Preface
No full textThe University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics (PWPL) is an occasional series published by the Penn Graduate Linguistics Society. The series has included volumes of previously unpublished work, or work in progress, by linguists with an ongoing affiliation with the Department, as well as volumes of papers from NWAV and the Penn Linguistics Colloquium/Conference. This volume contains selected papers from New Ways of Analyzing Variation 47 (NWAV 47), held October 18-21, 2018 in New York City, NY, at NYU.
Thanks go to Johanna Benz, Spencer Caplan, Gwen Hildebrandt, Jordan Kodner, Aini Li, Daoxin Li, Hassan Munshi, Lefteris Paparounas, Nari Rhee, Caitlin Richter, Jia Tian and Hong Zhang for their help in editing.
Since Vol. 14.2, PWPL has been an internet-only publication. As of September 2014, the entire back catalog has been digitized and made available on ScholarlyCommons@Penn. Please continue citing PWPL papers or issues as you would a print journal article, though you may also provide the URL of the manuscript.
An example is below:
Hall, Erin and Ruth Maddeaux. 2020. /u/-fronting and /æ/-raising in Toronto Families. In University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 25.2, ed. Ruaridh Purse and Yosiane White, 51-60. Available at: http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol25/iss2/7
Publication in the University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics (PWPL) does not preclude submission of papers elsewhere; copyright is retained by the author(s) of individual papers.
The PWPL editors can be contacted at: U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, 3401-C Walnut Street, Suite 300, C Wing, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228 and [email protected].
Ruaridh Purse and Yosiane White, Issue Editor
Preface
No full textThe University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics (PWPL) is an occasional series published by the Penn Graduate Linguistics Society. The series has included volumes of previously unpublished work, or work in progress, by linguists with an ongoing affiliation with the Department, as well as volumes of papers from NWAV and the Penn Linguistics Colloquium/Conference. This volume contains selected papers from New Ways of Analyzing Variation 47 (NWAV 47), held October 18-21, 2018 in New York City, NY, at NYU.
Thanks go to Johanna Benz, Spencer Caplan, Gwen Hildebrandt, Jordan Kodner, Aini Li, Daoxin Li, Hassan Munshi, Lefteris Paparounas, Nari Rhee, Caitlin Richter, Jia Tian and Hong Zhang for their help in editing.
Since Vol. 14.2, PWPL has been an internet-only publication. As of September 2014, the entire back catalog has been digitized and made available on ScholarlyCommons@Penn. Please continue citing PWPL papers or issues as you would a print journal article, though you may also provide the URL of the manuscript.
An example is below:
Hall, Erin and Ruth Maddeaux. 2020. /u/-fronting and /æ/-raising in Toronto Families. In University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 25.2, ed. Ruaridh Purse and Yosiane White, 51-60. Available at: http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol25/iss2/7
Publication in the University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics (PWPL) does not preclude submission of papers elsewhere; copyright is retained by the author(s) of individual papers.
The PWPL editors can be contacted at: U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, 3401-C Walnut Street, Suite 300, C Wing, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228 and [email protected].
Ruaridh Purse and Yosiane White, Issue Editor
Preface
No full textThe University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics (PWPL) is an occasional series published by the Penn Graduate Linguistics Society. The series has included volumes of previously unpublished work, or work in progress, by linguists with an ongoing affiliation with the Department, as well as volumes of papers from NWAV and the Penn Linguistics Colloquium/Conference. This volume contains selected papers from the New Ways of Analyzing Variation 48 (NWAV 48), held October 10-12, 2019 in Eugene, Oregon at the University of Oregon.
Thanks go to Faruk Akkus, George Balabanian, Johanna Benz, Nikita Bezrukov, Pik Yu May Chan, Gwen Hildebrandt, Alexandros Kalomoiros, Daoxin Li, Lefteris Paparounas, Nari Rhee, Caitlin Richter, Ollie Sayeed, and Christine Soh for their help in editing.
Since Vol. 14.2, PWPL has been an internet-only publication. As of September 2014, the entire back catalog has been digitized and made available on ScholarlyCommons@Penn. Please continue citing PWPL papers or issues as you would a print journal article, though you may also provide the URL of the manuscript.
An example is below:
Ceolin, Andrea. 2020. On functional load and its relation to the actuation problem. In University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 26.2, ed. Ruaridh Purse and Yosiane White, 39–48. Available at: http://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol26/iss2/5
Publication in the University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics (PWPL) does not preclude submission of papers elsewhere; copyright is retained by the author(s) of individual papers.
The PWPL editors can be contacted at: U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, 3401-C Walnut Street, Suite 300, C Wing, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6228 and [email protected].
Ruaridh Purse and Yosiane White, Issue Editor
A framework for comparing nuclear warhead authentication protocols
No full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2019Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 173-179).Even with the end of the Cold War, nuclear arms control continues to be a cornerstone of strategic stability and international non-proliferation efforts. New treaties are necessary to build upon, or at least maintain, the status-quo, and will rely upon verification technologies and protocols to ensure all sides are dismantling their warheads as promised. The nuclear weapon states refuse to participate in any process which might reveal the design of their warheads to an adversary or would-be proliferator. This makes warhead authentication, the critical verification step where the object to be dismantled is confirmed to be an authentic warhead, especially challenging. Despite several decades of research, there is no agreed means of describing or assessing warhead authentication protocols. This has hindered protocol development, and made it more difficult for the policy and technical communities to communicate what is important and feasible.This thesis presents a framework for describing warhead authentication protocols and quantifying their performance. The framework draws on methods used to assess digital authentication protocols, as well as information theoretic analysis of privacy. A model is developed for describing authentication protocols; showing how authentication questions, physical properties, and measurable data relate to one another. This allows the objectives and assumptions of a protocol to be made explicit, helping to ensure that protocols are compared fairly. It was found that the protocols in the literature have made use of very different assumptions, and that has influenced their choices of measurement technology and concepts of operation. Having established how to describe protocols, the thesis investigates how best to quantify the completeness (type I error rate), soundness (type II error rate), and information privacy of a protocol.While the absolute soundness cannot be calculated without knowledge of all possible hoaxes, a conditional soundness can be estimated using a minimax approach. A new measure of information privacy is presented, based on a change in the KL divergence between an inspector's beliefs and the actual warhead design, when the inspector starts from an incorrect prior.by Ruaridh Reid Macdonald.Ph. D.Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineerin
Methodologies for scalable and responsive swarms and networked systems
No full textCurrently, engineers can only aspire to match nature's capabilities where the same control mechanism can scale from one hundred starlings to five thousand whilst maintaining properties such as cohesion and rapid response to predation. These aspirations have led to engineered swarms that rely on remote or human control to assemble formations, which therefore do not require leaders within the network that can communicate using inter-agent connections. As a consequence, it is primarily in theory where network leadership is considered, usually through the exploitation of a standard set of centrality metrics - such as PageRank, degree centrality or betweenness - ubiquitous across network science.This dissertation attempts to lay the foundations for large, mobile, multiagents warms through a scalable control approach. This mechanism can achieve similar capabilities to that of a starling flock but with greater control over the swarm's movement. These criteria are met by defining control rules for the environment, using artificial kinematic fields, rather than for the individual; enabling agents to join or leave the swarm without a breakdown in cohesion or responsiveness - just like starlings. The functionality of this method, and the potential for swarm based applications, is demonstrated through a remote inspection case study. This control approach contributes to our rapidly increasing ability to create networked systems, but our understanding of how to control such complexity is not advancing as fast.The identification of optimal network leaders is a significant step towards achieving a responsive, controllable, swarm. By not constraining the problem to a set number of leaders, the solution space - for anything other than small networks - is too vast to attempt an exhaustive search. The remedy for this leader selection problem has, so far, eluded researchers. Eigenvectors are presented here as key to solving this problem for determining optimal leadership when considering fast convergence to consensus. The semi-analytical algorithms, developed herein, have O(n3) time complexity and are found to perform as well as numerical optimisers with significantly greater complexity, O(n4). Eigenvectors map the dynamic response of a network where they are found to expose the most responsive communities that form in the wake of external perturbations. Comparisons, of eigenvector-based methods, with information flow simulations illustrate that analytical models can, in a computationally efficient manner, cast light on the interplay between leadership and topology. Whilst providing a greater understanding of the effectiveness and function of nature's networked systems, including the vastly complicated and responsive network of the human brain.Currently, engineers can only aspire to match nature's capabilities where the same control mechanism can scale from one hundred starlings to five thousand whilst maintaining properties such as cohesion and rapid response to predation. These aspirations have led to engineered swarms that rely on remote or human control to assemble formations, which therefore do not require leaders within the network that can communicate using inter-agent connections. As a consequence, it is primarily in theory where network leadership is considered, usually through the exploitation of a standard set of centrality metrics - such as PageRank, degree centrality or betweenness - ubiquitous across network science.This dissertation attempts to lay the foundations for large, mobile, multiagents warms through a scalable control approach. This mechanism can achieve similar capabilities to that of a starling flock but with greater control over the swarm's movement. These criteria are met by defining control rules for the environment, using artificial kinematic fields, rather than for the individual; enabling agents to join or leave the swarm without a breakdown in cohesion or responsiveness - just like starlings. The functionality of this method, and the potential for swarm based applications, is demonstrated through a remote inspection case study. This control approach contributes to our rapidly increasing ability to create networked systems, but our understanding of how to control such complexity is not advancing as fast.The identification of optimal network leaders is a significant step towards achieving a responsive, controllable, swarm. By not constraining the problem to a set number of leaders, the solution space - for anything other than small networks - is too vast to attempt an exhaustive search. The remedy for this leader selection problem has, so far, eluded researchers. Eigenvectors are presented here as key to solving this problem for determining optimal leadership when considering fast convergence to consensus. The semi-analytical algorithms, developed herein, have O(n3) time complexity and are found to perform as well as numerical optimisers with significantly greater complexity, O(n4). Eigenvectors map the dynamic response of a network where they are found to expose the most responsive communities that form in the wake of external perturbations. Comparisons, of eigenvector-based methods, with information flow simulations illustrate that analytical models can, in a computationally efficient manner, cast light on the interplay between leadership and topology. Whilst providing a greater understanding of the effectiveness and function of nature's networked systems, including the vastly complicated and responsive network of the human brain
Eigenvector-based community detection for identifying information hubs in neuronal networks
No full textEigenvectors of networked systems are known to reveal central, well-connected, network vertices. Here we expand upon the known applications of eigenvectors to define well-connected communities where each is associated with a prominent vertex. This form of community detection provides an analytical approach for analysing the dynamics of information flow in a network. When applied to the neuronal network of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, known circuitry can be identified as separate eigenvector-based communities. For the macaque's neuronal network, community detection can expose the hippocampus as an information hub; this result contradicts current thinking that the analysis of static graphs cannot reveal such insights. The application of community detection on a large scale human connectome (around 1.8 million vertices) reveals the most prominent information carrying pathways present during a magnetic resonance imaging scan. We demonstrate that these pathways can act as an effective unique identifier for a subject's brain by assessing the number of matching pathways present in any two connectomes
Reducing Inequalities through Epidemic Preparedness : Workshop at the University of Strathclyde
No full textMOSAEC seeks to develop interdisciplinary research ideas and teams that will ensure we are better prepared for future epidemics. The focus of this workshop was on how epidemic preparedness can be used to reduce inequalities. The discussion was based around three case studies that highlighted specific experiences of inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting with a discussion of the key issues and missed opportunities in each case study, and concluding with reflections on we might reduce inequalities in future epidemics
Scotland’s Assets for Epidemic Preparedness : Workshop at the University of Strathclyde
No full textMOSAEC (Mobilising Scotland's Assets in equitable ways for Epidemic Control) seeks to develop interdisciplinary research ideas and teams that will ensure we are better prepared for future epidemics. The focus of this workshop was on Scotland’s assets and how these can be used to improve epidemic preparedness and reduce inequalities. A series of presentations provided context for the diverse assets employed in epidemic response with discussions around previous use of assets, opportunities to employ other assets and the steps needed to operationalise key assets
Regional Geology and Fracture Network Characterisation of the Southern Chotts and Jeffara Basins, Central Tunisia: Implications for Petroleum Reservoirs
No full textThe Southern Chotts and Jeffara Basins are situated within the Saharan Domain of Central Tunisia, North Africa. The Southern Chotts Basin hosts reservoirs within the Triassic, Permian and Ordovician units that contain significant hydrocarbon accumulations whilst the Jeffara Basin contains outcrop analogues of the same hydrocarbonbearing formations. The basins experienced a late Hercynian shortening phase which involved the uplift of a major topographic high (Tebaga de Medenine). This high, in conjunction with a older regional high, the Telemzane Arch influenced the deposition and geometry of the Permian and Triassic units across both basins. This shortening event is characterised at the scale of hundreds of meters by EW striking folds into which the midlate Triassic and early Jurassic units are deposited. The folding is also observed at field scale (10’s meters) through small faultrelated folds in the Permian deposits of the Tebaga de Medenine. This late Hercynian phase occurs between the late Permian and early Jurassic in the basins. Fracture data collected from the upper Permian and lower Triassic units (Jeffara Basin) provides an analogue to the fracture networks at depth (Southern Chotts Basin) in the Paleozoic reservoirs. A conjugate fracture system observed in the field (from fracture pavements) corroborates with the interpretation of regional shortening in the basins. Seismic attribute analysis on depth slices in the Paleozoic reservoirs also shows the conjugate system at depth. This analysis is integrated with outcrop fracture data and FMI data from wells to create an open fold distributed fracture model of the system in the basins. This model indicates the main driver for fracture generation in the region is folding and is used to predict the fracture networks at depth. This is undertaken using discrete fracture network (DFN) modelling of the subsurface. This model is integrated with a deterministic model from the seismic time slices to create a hybrid predictive fracture model of the early Paleozoic reservoirs. Analytical aperture modelling of the fracture model demonstrates the fractures varied in openness depending on orientation and fracture length. The conjugate set orientated at 240∘and longer joints detected from seismic attributes presented the widest aperture size. These fractures in the subsurface at implications on the transmissibility of the reservoirs, especially Permian units which have low bulk rock permeability and the lower Triassic (TAGI) sequences which are susceptible to compartmentalisation
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