1,721,233 research outputs found
ChatGPT, extended: large language models and the extended mind
No full textRecent research has relied on the use of fine-tuning techniques to incorporate philosophical knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs). The present paper outlines an alternative approach to the development of such systems—one that is rooted in a technique known as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). In contrast to fine-tuning, RAG does not seek to adjust the internal parameters (or internal memory) of an LLM. Instead, RAG relies on the retrieval of information from an externally-situated store, which functions as a form of non-parametric (or external) memory. Applying this technique to the works of the contemporary philosopher Andy Clark yields Digital Andy: an LLM that is able to respond to questions about the extended mind. This serves as a practical demonstration of RAG-based techniques, highlighting how philosophical knowledge can be ‘incorporated’ into an LLM without the need for additional machine learning. But Digital Andy's reliance on extra-systemic resources also raises questions about the scope of active externalist theorizing, encouraging us to consider Digital Andy's status as an extended cognitive/computational system. Addressing these questions reveals some interesting points of convergence between the philosophical effort to understand the extended mind and the technological effort to build the next generation of LLMs
Humans of AI3SD: Andy Stanford-Clark
No full textThis interview forms part of our Humans of AI3SD Series. Professor Andy Stanford-Clark, the CTO of IBM, and a member of our Advisory Board was interviewed by Michelle Pauli at our AI3SD Network+ Conference in 2019
Towards a Suite of Tools for Re-imagining Online Social Phenomena
No full textSocial networking websites have become increasingly popular in recent times, and can be a source of fun and emotional support. However, a large chunk of society is excluded from this arena of social interaction: for example, in general elderly people face a range of obstacles to the uptake of technology. This paper describes our plans to use methods from a wide range of disciplines to better understand online social phenomena. This deeper understanding will allow us to provide social functions via novel and accessible communication channels. These might include televisions and telephones, alongside more unusual technologies such as digital photo frames and microprinters. We hope to provide the basis for a social fabric to improve technology access, and help a wider range of people benefit from social technologies
Tugging at the Seams: Understanding the Fabric of Social Sites
No full textSocial networking websites are increasingly popular, yet it can be difficult to understand the way in which people use these spaces. This paper presents a systematic deconstruction method which grants insight into the nature of a given experience, and shows how this knowledge can be used to reconstruct experiences in new contexts. The authors apply the method to some facets of social sites, discussing how the functionality might be reconstructed in different contexts such as ubiquitous computing. We evaluate the method and discuss the findings, noting that if social material can be provided in new contexts, many more people can be included in interactions which are currently limited to the web
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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