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Leveraging Internet Background Radiation for Opportunistic Network Analysis
Full text linkIn this dissertation, we evaluate the potential of unsolicited Internet traffic, called Internet Background Radiation (IBR), to provide insights into address space usage and network conditions. IBR is primarily collected through darknets, which are blocks of IP addresses dedicated to collecting unsolicited traffic resulting from scans, backscatter, misconfigurations, and bugs. We expect these pervasively sourced components to yield visibility into networks that are hard to measure (e.g., hosts behind firewalls or not appearing in logs) with traditional active and passive techniques. Using the largest collections of IBR available to academic researchers, we test this hypothesis by: (1) identifying the phenomena that induce many hosts to send IBR, (2) characterizing the factors that influence our visibility, including aspects of the traffic itself and measurement infrastructure, and (3) extracting insights from 11 diverse case studies, after excluding obvious cases of sender inauthenticity. Through IBR, we observe traffic from nearly every country, most ASes with routable prefixes, and millions of /24 blocks. Misconfigurations and bugs, often involving P2P networks, result in the widest coverage in terms of visible networks, though scanning traffic is applicable for in-depth and repeated analysis due to its large volume. We find, notwithstanding the extraordinary popularity of some IP addresses, similar observations using IBR collected in different darknets, and a predictable degradation using smaller darknets. Although the mix of IBR components evolves, our observations are consistent over time. Our case studies highlight the versatility of IBR and help establish guidelines for when researchers should consider using unsolicited traffic for opportunistic network analysis. Based on our experience, IBR may assist in: corroborating inferences made through other datasets (e.g., DHCP lease durations) supplementing current state-of-the art techniques (e.g., IPv4 address space utilization), exposing weaknesses in other datasets (e.g., missing router interfaces), identifying abused resources (e.g., open resolvers), testing Internet tools by acting as a diverse traffic sample (e.g., uptime heuristics), and reducing the number of required active probes (e.g., path change inferences). In nearly every case study, IBR improves our analysis of an Internet-wide behavior. We expect future studies to reap similar benefits by including IBR
Incentivizing and evaluating internet-wide network measurements
Full text linkThe Internet’s size is a primary challenge to researchers attempting to capture its properties. Inferences are therefore often based on available measurements, which may be biased due to the measurement process. We seek to understand the dependence of sampling methodology on two network measurement projects. We examine the potential of Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to guide the selection of samples by country and reward. As a proof-of-concept, we design an IPv6 adoption experiment disguised as a human intelligence task. Using 75 dollars, we obtain an IPv6 adoption estimate that differed by less than 3 percent of public estimates. From this initial success and analysis of the price sensitivity, we attempt a crowd-sourced approach to obtain representative measurements of Internet source address validation. However, this second experiment violated MTurk’s terms of service. We therefore perform a per-country sampling analysis of nine years of existing source validation data from the Spoofer project. We conclude that conventional sampling methods do not properly characterize the data, primarily due to the changing nature of the underlying population during the collection period.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Lieutenant, Turkish Coast Guardhttp://archive.org/details/incentivizingnde109454139
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
PacketLab - An internet measurement framework for low-cost vantage point sharing
No full textSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2027-05-01The student, Tzu-Bin Yan, accepted the attached license on 2025-04-18 at 08:58.The student, Tzu-Bin Yan, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2025-04-18 at 09:29.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2025-04-18 at 10:47.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #21830 on 2025-10-19 at 19:15:09Vantage point sharing is a common and economical approach by Internet measurement community members to procure proper vantage points for measurement campaigns. Sharing, however, is not frictionless and suffers from three obstacles—lack of vantage point compatibility, low incentives to support new measurements, and varying experimenter trust levels—limiting scale. In this dissertation, we present the PacketLab Internet measurement framework to facilitate vantage point access collaboration among community members. We first describe PacketLab’s three-component design: a universal measurement endpoint interface, a certificate/program-based access control mechanism, and a measurement rendezvous mechanism, along with the design benefits, advantages over other sharing approaches, as well as our implementation of the framework that is readily available to the public. We then present an evaluation of the framework on measurement support, which is critical to the framework’s applicability to the community in accommodating community-interested measurements. To further support experimenters’ efforts in framework adoption, we also present a novel network access virtualization tool, pktwrap, which allows existing, unmodified measurement programs to communicate over a PacketLab vantage point to collect less timing-sensitive data, with partial support for network event delay data collection. With our positive evaluation results, readily available implementation, and a capable virtualization tool, we believe the PacketLab framework is a promising candidate for the Internet measurement community in future collaborative Internet data collection efforts
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
darkspace and unsolicited traffic analysis (DUST 2012)
No full textOn May 14-15, 2012, CAIDA hosted the first international Workshop on Darkspace and Unsolicited Traffic Analysis (DUST 2012) to provide a forum for discussion of the science, engineering, and policy challenges associated with darkspace and unsolicited traffic analysis. This report captures threads discussed at the workshop and lists resulting collaborations.On May 14-15, 2012, CAIDA hosted the first international Workshop on Darkspace and Unsolicited Traffic Analysis (DUST 2012) to provide a forum for discussion of the science, engineering, and policy challenges associated with darkspace and unsolicited traffic analysis. This report captures threads discussed at the workshop and lists resulting collaborations
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