1,720,974 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Non-invasive optoacoustic imaging of glycogen-storage and muscle degeneration in late-onset Pompe disease
No full textAbstract Pompe disease (PD) is a rare autosomal recessive glycogen storage disorder that causes proximal muscle weakness and loss of respiratory function. While enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the only effective treatment, biomarkers for disease monitoring are scarce. Following ex vivo biomarker validation in phantom studies, we apply multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), a laser- and ultrasound-based non-invasive imaging approach, in a clinical trial (NCT05083806) to image the biceps muscles of 10 late-onset PD (LOPD) patients and 10 matched healthy controls. MSOT is compared with muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, spirometry, muscle testing and quality of life scores. Next, results are validated in an independent LOPD patient cohort from a second clinical site. Our study demonstrates that MSOT enables imaging of subcellular disease pathology with increases in glycogen/water, collagen and lipid signals, providing higher sensitivity in detecting muscle degeneration than current methods. This translational approach suggests implementation in the complex care of these rare disease patients
Schlaf bei Studierenden - Assoziationen schlechter Schlafqualität und Interventionsmöglichkeiten
No full textClaßen M. Schlaf bei Studierenden - Assoziationen schlechter Schlafqualität und Interventionsmöglichkeiten. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2023.Sleep problems are common among university students and are associated with lower grades, longer study duration, and psychological problems. Insomnia symptoms are linked with stress, poor quality of life, more anxiety, and more depressive symptoms, but also with increased pain symptoms. Approximately 18% of German universities students experience insomnia symptoms. A widely used model for insomnia is the cognitive model of Harvey: Negative cognitive activity leads to increased arousal, which is associated with a misperception of sleep and a cognitive bias regarding sleep. Consequences of poor sleep quality and the role of sleep are overestimated. At the end of the model, there are actual impairments in nighttime sleep quality as well as daytime functioning; a cycle is created that perpetuates sleep disturbance.
In line with this model, in the first study (Study I), negatively colored cognitive activity as a potential trigger of poor sleep quality was influenced using a positive psychology exercise. The second and third studies focused primarily on daytime impairments-both psychological and somatic symptoms (Study II), as well as concentration and memory (Study III). The second study examined the influence of sleep parameters, such as sleep onset latency and sleep duration, on somatic complaints and reviewed the relationship between anxiety, depressiveness, sleep quality, and somatoform complaints. In addition, this was a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress at a German university. In the third study, a cognitive-behavioral intervention with hypnotherapeutic and imaginative elements was conducted for students with poor sleep quality. Its influence on sleep quality and on subjective and objective neurocognitive performance was examined.
A total of 134 students were included in the intervention studies and 2443 students in the cross-sectional study in this dissertation. Subjective sleep quality improved with positive thoughts before bedtime, analogous to Harvey's model. Furthermore, there was a correlation between poor sleep quality, increased somatoform symptoms as well as depressiveness and an indirect influence on anxiety in students, which is why the consequences of poor sleep quality according to Harvey's model were also confirmed in this dissertation. In the third study, an improvement in objective neurocognitive performance was observed in the intervention group, but also in the waiting list control group. Here, an improvement in sleep quality in both groups does not allow a clear conclusion. However, the subjective limitations of cognitive performance improved significantly in the intervention group.
This dissertation contributes to a better understanding of mental health in university students - with a focus on sleep quality. It also expands the set of trainings for students with sleep problems to help with poor sleep quality, as well as with sleep onset and sleep maintenance problems, and to mitigate any consequences of poor sleep quality. For the first time, the direct influence of anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality on increased somatoform symptoms was shown in a statistical model (Study II). The improvement of sleep quality by an exercise from positive psychology was shown in the population of university students (Study I) - this result is consistent with recent studies. The interventional improvement of neurocognitive performance, however, could not be achieved, as in other studies on older subjects (Study III)
Significant advantages for first line treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors in pediatric patients with IBD–data from the multicenter CEDATA-GPGE registry study
Get PDFHintergrund: Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind mit einem hohen Risiko von Komplikationen verbunden. Durch Veränderungen der Behandlungsalgorithmen wurde in den letzten Jahren versucht, insbesondere durch den Einsatz von Biologika, die Rate an Komplikationen zu vermindern und den Verlauf der Erkrankung zu verbessern. Seit 2004 wurde als erste dieser Gruppe TNF-alpha Blocker zugelassen. Welche Verbesserungen durch eine (frühe) Applikation von Biologika zu erzielen ist, wurde abseits von Zulassungsstudien bisher nur begrenzt untersucht. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchungen ist es, aus „real world“ – Daten den Nutzen von Biologika zu bestimmen.
Methoden: Daten aus dem CEDATA-GPGE-Register von 2004 bis 2020 aus Deutschland und Österreich wurden analysiert, um die Verwendung von Biologika bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Morbus Crohn, Colitis Ulcerosa und unklassifizierbarer chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankung zu evaluieren. Eingeschlossen wurden alle Patienten, die ein Biologikum im Krankheitsverlauf erhielten. Variablen im Register umfassen demografische Angaben, Daten zur Krankheitsaktivität (klinisch und Laborparameter, Komplikationen, extraintestinale Manifestationen), sowie Angaben zur Medikation (Art, Dosis, unerwünschte Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen).
Ergebnisse: Insgesamt schließt die Studie 487 Kinder und Jugendliche ein, von denen 51.9% männlich sind und 71.5% M. Crohn haben. Im Mittel sind die Kinder 12 Jahre alt. Kinder und Jugendliche mit signifikant höherer Krankheitsaktivität, sowohl in Laborwerten als auch laut der Einschätzung des behandelnden Arztes, erhielten im Verlauf ein Biologikum. Am häufigsten wurden Infliximab und Adalimumab verschrieben, aber auch Off-Label Nutzung von z.B. Vedolizumab (4.3%) und Ustekinumab (2.1%) wurde ab 2016 angegeben. Propensity score matching zum Vergleich von Patienten, die Biologika im ersten Monat nach Diagnosestellung erhielten (first line), mit Patienten, die Biologika erst im Verlauf der Erkrankung erhielten (second line), zeigt, dass die frühe Applikation für Patienten mit hoher Krankheitsaktivität bessere Ergebnisse erzielt. Gemäß Cox-Regressionsanalyse war die First line Verschreibung zudem mit weniger extraintestinalen Manifestationen und weniger Therapieversagen assoziiert. Die extraintestinalen Manifestationen reduzierten sich im Verlauf um 10% reduziert (von 27% auf 17%).
Schlussfolgerungen: Biologika werden bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen im deutschsprachigen Raum eingesetzt und erzielen gute Therapieergebnisse hinsichtlich der Reduktion klinischer Krankheitsaktivität und Entzündungsparametern. Die frühe Anwendung reduzierte sowohl das Auftreten von Therapieversagen als auch extraintestinale Manifestationen im Krankheitsverlauf.Background: Some children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at high risk of complications. Treatment algorithms have changed in recent years to address this challenge. Biologics were introduced to reduce complication rates and improve disease outcomes. In 2004, TNF-alpha blockers were the first of this group to be approved. The present study aimed to determine the benefits of biologics from registry data. The improvements achieved by (early) use of biologics have only been studied to a limited extent, apart from small registry studies.
Methods: Data from the CEDATA-GPGE registry from 2004 to 2020 from Germany and Austria were analyzed to evaluate the use of biologics in children and adolescents with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and undefined inflammatory bowel disease. All patients who received a biologic during the period of the registry were analyzed. Information in the registry included demographics, disease activity data (clinical and laboratory parameters, complications, extraintestinal manifestations), and medication information (type, dose, adverse drug reactions).
Results: A total of 487 children and adolescents were included in the study, of whom 51.9% were male. 71.5% had Crohn's disease. The mean age of the children was 12 years. Children and adolescents with significantly higher disease activity, both in laboratory values and in the opinion of the treating physician, received a biologic during follow-up. The most prescribed biologics were infliximab and adalimumab. Off-label use was also reported from 2016, for example, vedolizumab (4.3%) and ustekinumab (2.1%). Propensity score matching comparing patients who received biologics in the first month after diagnosis (first-line) with those who received biologics later during the disease (second-line) showed that early use was associated with better outcomes in patients with high disease activity. First-line prescription was associated with fewer extraintestinal manifestations and fewer treatment failures according to Cox regression analysis. Extraintestinal manifestations decreased by 10% over time (from 27% to 17%).
Conclusions: Biologics are used in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease in German-speaking countries and achieve good therapeutic results in reducing clinical disease activity and inflammatory parameters. Early use reduces the incidence of treatment failure and extraintestinal manifestations during the disease
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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