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Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from hor pepper paste based on the bio-refinery concept and encapsulation
No full textBu tez çalışmasında; fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivite bakımından zengin acı biber salçası posasından yeşil ekstraksiyon tasarımına uygun bir şekilde karotenoid ekstraksiyonu yapılması ve bu ekstraktın kapsül haline getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yeşil ekstraksiyon prensipleri doğrultusunda, az miktarda çözücü kullanımı ile yüksek verimde ekstraksiyon işlemi gerçekleştirmek amacıyla en uygun katı:çözgen oranı 0.4 g/mL olarak belirlenmiştir. Ekstraksiyon parametrelerinin ekstraksiyon işlemine olan etkilerini incelemek amacıyla farklı güç seviyeleri (80, 120 ve 160 W), işlem sıcaklıkları (30, 40, 50, 60ºC) ve işlem süreleri (5, 10, 15, 20 dk) ile sabit katı:çözgen oranında rafine zeytinyağı
içerisinde ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen ekstraktların β-karoten, kapsaisin, toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivite içerikleri belirlenmiştir ve en yüksek β-karoten içeriğine sahip ekstrakt maltodekstrin ve gam arabik kaplama materyalleri kullanılarak dondurarak kurutma yöntemiyle enkapsüle edilmiştir. Maksimum β-karoten miktarının 120 W ultrasonik güçte, 40ºC sıcaklıkta
gerçekleştirilen 10, 15 veya 20 dakikalık ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon işlemi ile elde edildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca 120 W ultrason gücünde gerçekleştirilen tüm ekstraksiyon işlemlerinde, diğer güç seviyelerine göre daha yüksek β-karoten ve toplam fenolik madde eldesi sağlandığı görülmüştür. Bu güç seviyesinde, toplam fenolik içeriğin yüksek sıcaklık ve uzun işlem süresinden olumsuz etkilendiği ve ideal ekstraksiyon koşullarının 40ºC sıcaklık 10 dk olarak belirlenmiştir. 80 ve 120 W ultrason gücünde gerçekleştirilen ekstraksiyon işlemlerinden elde edilen ekstraktların yüksek kapsaisin içeriğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Maksimum β-karoten değerine 120 W ultrason gücünde 50ºC’de 15 dk uygulan ultrasonik ekstraksiyon işlemiyle ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın yeşil ekstraksiyon prensiplerine uygunluğu aynı sıcaklık aralığında gerçekleştirilen 8 saatlik maserasyon
ekstraksiyonun sonuçlarıyla kıyaslanarak doğrulanmıştır. Ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon için bulunan optimum işlem koşulunda elde edilen ekstraktlar, 1:4 oranında kaplama materyali ile -50ºC kondensör sıcaklığına sahip liyofilizatör kullanılarak enkapsüle edilmiştir. Kapsüller, %74.39±5.68 β-karoten, %75.81±2.54 toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve %40.94±7.78 antioksidan aktivite verimi göstermiştir. Taramalı elektron mikroskobuyla morfolojisi ve boyut dağılımı incelenen kapsüller, çatlak içermeyen küresel yapılar göstermelerine rağmen heterojen görünüm sergilemişlerdir ve boyutları 6.70-
23.03 μm aralığında bulunmuştur.In this thesis study, it was aimed to provide carotenoid extraction and
encapsulation according to the design of green extraction from pepper paste which
is rich in phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The optimum solids:solvent
ratio was determined to be 0.4 g/mL in order to achieve high yield extraction with
a minimum amount of solvent in the direction of green extraction principles. In
order to investigate the effects of extraction parameters on the extraction process,
ultrasound assisted extraction was performed in refined olive oil with different
power levels (80, 120 and 160 W) were measured with temperatures (30, 40, 50,
60ºC) and times (5, 10, 15, 20 min) β-carotene, capsaicin, total phenolic
substances and antioxidant activity contents of the obtained extracts were
determined and the highest carotenoid contents were encapsulated by freeze
drying method using maltodextrin and gum arabic coating materials.
The results showed that the maximum amount of β-carotene was provided
by ultrasound-assisted extractions of 10, 15 or 20 minutes at a temperature of
40°C with ultrasonic power of 120 W. In addition, all extracts in the 120 W
ultrasound power yield higher β-carotene and total phenolic material yields than
other powers. At this power level, toal phenolic materials were adversely affected
by high temperature and 15 and 20 min extractions, and the ideal extraction
parameter was determined to be 10 min at 40°C. Extracts were provided with high
capsaicin content of extracts with extractions performed at 80 and 120 W ultrasound power and the maximum value of which is reached by ultrasound
based extraction in 120 W ultrasonic power for 15 minutes at 50ºC. In addition,
the validity of this study with the green extraction principles was confirmed by
comparison with the results of 8 hour maceration extraction.
Extracts obtained with ideal parametres for ultrasound-assisted extraction
were encapsulated using a 1:4 coating material and a lyophilizer at -50ºC. The
capsules showed 74.39±5.68% total carotenoid, 75.81±2.54% total phenolic
content and 40.94±7.78 total antioxidant activity encapsulation efficiency. The
morphology and size distribution of the microcapsules examined by scanning
electron microscopy showed a heterogeneous appearance despite the spherical
structures without fracture and the dimensions were found to be 6.70-23.03 μm
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from hot pepper pomace based on the bio-refinery concept and encapsulation
No full textBu tez çalışmasında; fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivite bakımından zengin acı biber salçası posasından yeşil ekstraksiyon tasarımına uygun bir şekilde karotenoid ekstraksiyonu yapılması ve bu ekstraktın kapsül haline getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yeşil ekstraksiyon prensipleri doğrultusunda, az miktarda çözücü kullanımı ile yüksek verimde ekstraksiyon işlemi gerçekleştirmek amacıyla en uygun katı:çözgen oranı 0.4 g/mL olarak belirlenmiştir. Ekstraksiyon parametrelerinin ekstraksiyon işlemine olan etkilerini incelemek amacıyla farklı güç seviyeleri (80, 120 ve 160 W), işlem sıcaklıkları (30, 40, 50, 60ºC) ve işlem süreleri (5, 10, 15, 20 dk) ile sabit katı:çözgen oranında rafine zeytinyağı içerisinde ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen ekstraktların β-karoten, kapsaisin, toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivite içerikleri belirlenmiştir ve en yüksek β-karoten içeriğine sahip ekstrakt maltodekstrin ve gam arabik kaplama materyalleri kullanılarak dondurarak kurutma yöntemiyle enkapsüle edilmiştir. Maksimum β-karoten miktarının 120 W ultrasonik güçte, 40ºC sıcaklıkta gerçekleştirilen 10, 15 veya 20 dakikalık ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon işlemi ile elde edildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca 120 W ultrason gücünde gerçekleştirilen tüm ekstraksiyon işlemlerinde, diğer güç seviyelerine göre daha yüksek β-karoten ve toplam fenolik madde eldesi sağlandığı görülmüştür. Bu güç seviyesinde, toplam fenolik içeriğin yüksek sıcaklık ve uzun işlem süresinden olumsuz etkilendiği ve ideal ekstraksiyon koşullarının 40ºC sıcaklık 10 dk olarak belirlenmiştir. 80 ve 120 W ultrason gücünde gerçekleştirilen ekstraksiyon işlemlerinden elde edilen ekstraktların yüksek kapsaisin içeriğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Maksimum β-karoten değerine 120 W ultrason gücünde 50ºC'de 15 dk uygulan ultrasonik ekstraksiyon işlemiyle ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın yeşil ekstraksiyon prensiplerine uygunluğu aynı sıcaklık aralığında gerçekleştirilen 8 saatlik maserasyon ekstraksiyonun sonuçlarıyla kıyaslanarak doğrulanmıştır. Ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon için bulunan optimum işlem koşulunda elde edilen ekstraktlar, 1:4 oranında kaplama materyali ile -50ºC kondensör sıcaklığına sahip liyofilizatör kullanılarak enkapsüle edilmiştir. Kapsüller, %74.39±5.68 β-karoten, %75.81±2.54 toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve %40.94±7.78 antioksidan aktivite verimi göstermiştir. Taramalı elektron mikroskobuyla morfolojisi ve boyut dağılımı incelenen kapsüller, çatlak içermeyen küresel yapılar göstermelerine rağmen heterojen görünüm sergilemişlerdir ve boyutları 6.70-23.03 µm aralığında bulunmuştur.In this thesis study, it was aimed to provide carotenoid extraction and encapsulation according to the design of green extraction from pepper paste which is rich in phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The optimum solids:solvent ratio was determined to be 0.4 g/mL in order to achieve high yield extraction with a minimum amount of solvent in the direction of green extraction principles. In order to investigate the effects of extraction parameters on the extraction process, ultrasound assisted extraction was performed in refined olive oil with different power levels (80, 120 and 160 W) were measured with temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60ºC) and times (5, 10, 15, 20 min) β-carotene, capsaicin, total phenolic substances and antioxidant activity contents of the obtained extracts were determined and the highest carotenoid contents were encapsulated by freeze drying method using maltodextrin and gum arabic coating materials. The results showed that the maximum amount of β-carotene was provided by ultrasound-assisted extractions of 10, 15 or 20 minutes at a temperature of 40°C with ultrasonic power of 120 W. In addition, all extracts in the 120 W ultrasound power yield higher β-carotene and total phenolic material yields than other powers. At this power level, toal phenolic materials were adversely affected by high temperature and 15 and 20 min extractions, and the ideal extraction x parameter was determined to be 10 min at 40°C. Extracts were provided with high capsaicin content of extracts with extractions performed at 80 and 120 W ultrasound power and the maximum value of which is reached by ultrasound based extraction in 120 W ultrasonic power for 15 minutes at 50ºC. In addition, the validity of this study with the green extraction principles was confirmed by comparison with the results of 8 hour maceration extraction. Extracts obtained with ideal parametres for ultrasound-assisted extraction were encapsulated using a 1:4 coating material and a lyophilizer at -50ºC. The capsules showed 74.39±5.68% total carotenoid, 75.81±2.54% total phenolic content and 40.94±7.78 total antioxidant activity encapsulation efficiency. The morphology and size distribution of the microcapsules examined by scanning electron microscopy showed a heterogeneous appearance despite the spherical structures without fracture and the dimensions were found to be 6.70-23.03 μm
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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