101,915 research outputs found
Francesco Ciusa. Gli anni delle Biennali 1907-1928
No full textLo scultore sardo Francesco Ciusa, salutato come una rivelazione alla Biennale di Venezia del 1907 per il suo gesso "La madre dell'ucciso", fu una presenza costante nelle Biennali e in altre mostre internazionali del primo Novecento, per poi scomparire dalla scena artistica nazionale e internazionale negli anni Venti. Il saggio si concentra sulla parte più fortunata della carriera di Ciusa, esaminando gli assunti ideologici all'origine della sua doppia ricezione, in Italia e nella sua regione d'origine.Sardinian sculptor Francesco Ciusa, hailed as a revelation in the 1907 Venice Biennale for his plaster "The mother of the murdered man", was a regular presence at Biennales and other international exhibitions in the early 20th century; after the 1920s, though, he disappeared from the international and national art scene. The essay focuses on the most successful part of Ciusa's career, looking at the ideological assumptions which determined the double reception of his work in Italy and in his native region
Morphometry of the normal human ear : a cross-sectional study from adolescence to mid-adulthood
No full textThe objective of this study was to supply information about: (1) normal gender-based dimensions of ears (linear distances and ratios, area); (2) left-right symmetry; and (3) growth changes between adolescence and mid-adulthood. The three-dimensional co-ordinates of several soft-tissue landmarks on the ears and face were obtained by an electromagnetic digitizer in 40 male and 33 female adolescents aged 12-15 years, 73 young female and 89 young male adults aged 19-30 years, and 41 male and 38 female adults aged 31-56 years. From the landmarks, paired ear width and length were calculated and averaged for age and gender, as well as the relevant ratios, ear areas and angles relative to the facial midline, and indices of left-right symmetry. Comparisons were performed by factorial analysis of variance. All ear dimensions were significantly larger in men than in women (P < 0.005). A significant effect of age was found (P ( 0.005), with larger values in older individuals. On average, the three-dimensional position of ears was symmetric, with symmetry coefficients ranging between 94 and 96%. Data collected in the present investigation could serve as a database for the quantitative description of human ear morphology during normal adolescent and adult growth
Effetti economici della dinamica tecnologica sul rapporto costo/prestazione dei materiali
No full textSoft-tissue facial growth and development as assessed by the three-dimensional computerized mesh diagram analysis
No full textThe normal growth and development of facial soft tissues from 6 years to adulthood has been studied by the 3D computerized mesh diagram analysis. The analysis allows independent quantifications of size and shape modifications both between different age groups, and between males and females. Normal age-related and sex-related references are provided. The three-dimensional facial morphometry method has been used for the collection of the x, y, z coordinates of 22 soft tissue landmarks in 2023 examinations performed on 1157 healthy white children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years of age and 191 young adults. The method detects the three-dimensional coordinates of retroreflective, wireless markers positioned on selected facial landmarks using two charge-coupled device cameras working in the infrared field. For each sex and age class, mean values were computed, and a standardized mesh of equidistant horizontal, vertical, and anteroposterior lines was consequently constructed. Within each age group, male meshes were superimposed on female meshes. Moreover, within each sex, the adult reference mesh was superimposed on the reference mesh of each age group. The global (size plus shape) difference was then evaluated by the calculation of the relevant displacement vectors for each soft tissue landmark. A global difference factor was calculated as the sum of the modules of all the displacement vectors. Consequently, a size normalization was performed, and the shape difference (size standardized) was then evaluated by the calculation of new relevant displacement vectors for each landmark, as well as a shape-global difference factor. When compared to the young adult situation, the largest child discrepancies were found in the soft tissue profile. After size standardization, shape differences were found in the forehead, nose, and chin. The soft tissue facial dimensions of boys and girls grow with similar characteristics and at the same rate between 6 and 11 years of age, but showed different patterns after this age. Within each age class, most of the sex-related differences were dimensional discrepancies that were corrected after size standardization. Nevertheless, before adolescence even these size differences were limited. On average, male faces had a larger forehead, longer and more vertical nose, more inferior and posterior gonia, more inferior and prominent lips, and a larger mouth than female faces of corresponding age
A direct in vivo measurement of the three-dimensional orientation of the occlusal plane and of the sagittal discrepancy of the jaws
No full textThe aim of the present investigation was to three dimensionally assess craniofacial relationships in vivo. Specifically, by using a non-invasive direct technique, the following measurements were made: 1) natural head position relative to the ground; 2) orientation of the occlusal plane relative to the subject's intrinsic facial planes; and 3) anteroposterior discrepancy of the dental bases, taking into consideration all the facial hard- and soft-tissue structures. Several dental and soft-tissue facial landmarks were directly digitized from 24 adult healthy volunteers with Angle Class I occlusions by means of an electromagnetic three-dimensional computerized digitizer. In natural head position, the three-dimensional orientation of Camper's, occlusal, and mandibular planes were measured along with the anteroposterior maxillo-mandibular discrepancies. In the frontal plane projection, all the measured planes appeared about horizontal. In the lateral plane projection, on average, Camper's plane deviated from the true horizontal by approximately 18° (in a 'head flexed' direction). The occlusal plane deviated from the same horizontal by about 14°, while the mandibular plane had a steeper inclination (about 30°); both planes were significantly correlated to Camper's plane. The measurements of anteroposterior jaw discrepancy revealed a wide range of sagittal relationships in the analyzed subjects. The method was found to be repeatable and fast. This direct three-dimensional in vivo assessment of the orientation of occlusal plane relative to the other facial planes could allow for a more comprehensive analysis of maxillo-mandibular sagittal discrepancies
Cephalometric and “in vivo” measurements of maxillomandibular anteroposterior discrepancies : a preliminary regression study
No full textOne of the aims of the present investigation was to assess three-dimensionally the anteroposterior discrepancy of dental bases using a noninvasive direct procedure. A second aim was to verify the relationship of three-dimensional soft-tissue measurement to the well-established two-dimensional cephalometric assessments of anteroposterior discrepancy. Dental and facial landmarks were directly digitized on 20 orthodontic and maxillofacial surgery patients aged 8 to 26 years using an electromagnetic three-dimensional computerized digitizer. The anteroposterior maxillomandibular discrepancy was measured by calculating the linear distances between the projections of subnasal and sublabial landmarks on the occlusal plane, subnasal and sublabial landmarks on Camper's plane, and insertion of maxillary and mandibular median labial frenula on the occlusal plane. From lateral cephalograms of the same patients, the following measurements were obtained: subspinale point-nasion-supramentale point (ANB) angle; corrected ANB angle that compensates for the position of the maxilla and rotation of the mandible relative to the cranial base; Wits appraisal; MM-Wits, linear distance between the projections of points A and B on the bisector of the palatal plane to mandibular plane angle; and soft-tissue Wits, linear distance between the projections of soft-tissue points A and B on the bisecting occlusal plane. The best two-dimensional vs three-dimensional linear regression (r = 0.91) was found between Wits appraisal and the linear distances between the projections of maxillary and mandibular median labial frenula on the occlusal plane (Wits = -1.05 x 3D measurement - 3.75). The three-dimensional evaluation of the sagittal discrepancy of the jaws directly performed in vivo may allow a more complete analysis of a patient's soft-tissue drape together with the underlying hard-tissue structure
Growth and aging of facial soft-tissues : a computerized three–dimensional mesh diagram analysis
No full textThe normal growth, development, and aging of facial soft tissues was studied by three-dimensional (3D) computerized mesh diagram analysis. The 3D coordinates of 50 soft-tissue landmarks were collected from 591 healthy white northern Italians (351 males, 240 females) 6-40 years of age. For each gender and age class, mean values were computed, and a standardized mesh of equidistant horizontal, vertical, and anterior-posterior lines was constructed. Within each age group, male meshes were superimposed on female meshes. For each gender, the 6-year-old reference mesh was superimposed on the reference mesh of each age group. The global (size plus shape) difference was evaluated by calculating the relevant displacement vectors for each landmark. Consequently, a size normalization was carried out and the shape difference was evaluated by calculating new relevant displacement vectors for each landmark. Growth and development were different along the three spatial planes: the largest increment was observed in the vertical dimension, with major modifications in the soft-tissue profile. The vertical dimension in males increased even after 30 years of age: ear dimensions increased, trichion moved superiorly and posteriorly, and pogonion, menton, and gonion moved anteriorly and inferiorly. In all age groups, size- standardized shape differences were found in the forehead, lower-third facial profile, eyes, cheeks, and ears. In each age class, male dimensions were larger than female dimensions. During childhood, gender differences in size were limited; shape differences were even less manifest. Overall, the profile was more anterior and inferior, the gonia were more inferior and more lateral, the forehead was more anterior, and the ears were larger in males than in females of corresponding age
Three-dimensional inclination of the dental axes in healthy permanent dentitions: a cross-sectional study in a normal population
No full textThe 3-dimensional (3-D) inclination of the facial axis of the clinical crown (FACC) and the size of the clinical crowns were measured in 100 white northern Italians. The subjects consisted of 22 girls and 21 boys, ages 13-15 years (adolescents), and 31 women and 26 men, ages 16-26 years (adults), all with a complete permanent dentition and Class I dental relationships. The 3-D coordinates of dental landmarks were obtained with a computerized electromagnetic digitizer. Clinical crowns heights and FACC inclinations in the anatomical frontal and sagittal planes relative to 2 reference planes, maxillary and mandibular (between the incisive papilla and the intersection of the palatal/lingual sulci of the first permanent molars with the gingival margin), were calculated. Ages and sexes were compared by ANOVA. On average, the frontal plane FACCs of most teeth converged toward the midline plane of symmetry. In contrast, the incisors diverged from the midline plane or were nearly vertical. Within each quadrant, the inclinations of the postincisor teeth progressively increased. In the sagittal plane, most teeth had a nearly vertical FACC. FACC inclinations showed sex- and age-related differences (P < .05). In the frontal plane, the canines, premolars, and molars were more inclined in adolescents than in adults. In the sagittal plane, a large within-group variability was observed. Clinical crown height was significantly larger in males than in females in all maxillary and mandibular canines, premolars, second molars, maxillary central incisors, and first molars. With age, some degree of dental eruption was found in maxillary and mandibular canines, maxillary second premolars, and molars. The age-related decrease in FACC inclination may be the effect of a progressive buccal and mesial drift
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