130,388 research outputs found
Nutrients and fish effects on plankton community in shallow lakes. A mesocosm study for the understanding of eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems.
No full textEutrophication affects many lakes in the world. Fish predation and food availability are driving forces in controlling food webs in freshwater ecosystems but the relative importance of one or the other factor is still a matter of discussion. Lake restoration usually seeks to reduce eutrophication either by direct suppression of zooplanktivorous fish or by addition of piscivorous fish. These methods reached only varied success. Successful ecosystem restoration needs a new theoretical approach that takes into account community structure and functional diversity. This book attempts to evaluate the relative roles of fish predation and food availability using controlled replicated in situ manipulation experiments. Since the founding supposition was that there would be shifts in the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up effects between seasons, experiments were performed in spring and winter. Moreover experiments were carried out in a shallow lake under Mediterranean climate as almost no data are available about top- down and bottom-up controls in warm countries. This book will be of interest to researchers in management of lakes
Relazioni trofiche in una comunità ittica “artificiale”: Alburnus alburnus alborella (De Filippi, 1844), Pseudorasbora parva (Tem. e Sch., 1842) e Gambusia holbrooki (Girad, 1859) di un bacino di fitodepurazione
No full textLo studio delle relazioni trofiche tra specie ittiche (Alburnus alburnus alborella (De Filippi, 1844), Pseudorasbora parva (Tem. e Sch., 1842) e Gambusia holbrooki (Girad, 1859)) che compongono la comunità ittica “artificiale” di un bacino di fitodepurazione ha permesso di ottenere elementi per comprendere alcune dinamiche ecologiche del bacino, anche al fine di ottimizzarne la gestione
Breast cancer metastasis to bone: from epithelial to mesenchymal transition to breast osteoblast-like cells
No full textIn this review we highlighted the newest aspects concerning the physiopathology of breast cancer metastatization into the bone including: a) in situ biomarkers of breast cancer metastatic diseases, b) biological processes related to the origin of metastatic cells (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), c) the nature and the possible role of Breast Osteoblast-Like Cells in the formation of bone lesions and d) the prognostic value of breast microcalcifications for the bone metastatic disease. In addition, the more recent data about the biology of breast cancer metastatic process and the origin and function of Breast Osteoblast-Like Cells have been analyzed to propose the use of molecular imaging investigations able to identify early neoplastic lesions with high propensity to form bone metastasis in vivo
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Risposta dimensionale al trattamento con aloperidolo e risperidone in pazienti psicotici acuti
No full textIntroduzione. Le teorie dimensionali sono alla base della farmacoterapia dimensionale: la pratica di scegliere le molecole antipsicotiche in base al profilo d’azione recettoriale che le rende efficaci su specifiche dimensioni psicopatologiche. Scopo. Esaminare i criteri clinici di scelta del trattamento, le dimensioni maggiormente rispondenti in pazienti psicotici acuti e l’efficacia di aloperidolo e risperidone nei confronti delle specifiche dimensioni. Materiali e metodi. Lo studio è stato condotto su 458 pazienti psicotici acuti, valutati con le scale PANSS e CGI ed è stata loro assegnata terapia con aloperidolo o risperidone. Sono stati valutati i criteri di scelta per il trattamento assegnato e le dimensioni considerate come maggiormente rispondenti. L’analisi fattoriale è stata utilizzata per individuare le componenti dimensionali del campione e per valutare l’efficacia delle molecole rispetto a esse. Risultati. Mentre risperidone viene scelto per le sintomatologie “positiva”, “negativa” e “depressiva”, aloperidolo viene scelto per le sintomatologie “positiva”, “disorganizzata” e per l’agitazione psicomotoria. L’analisi degli item della PANSS ha permesso di individuare quattro principali fattori dimensionali caratterizzanti il campione: “positivo”, “negativo”, “ansia/depressione”, “disorganizzazione”. Risperidone risulta superiore ad aloperidolo per le dimensioni “negativa”, “ansia/depressione”, “disorganizzazione”. Conclusioni. I criteri clinici di scelta del trattamento riflettono quanto è indicato in letteratura e l’efficacia delle molecole sulle specifiche dimensioni conferma la validità dei criteri di scelta.Introduction. The dimensional drug-therapy is based on dimensional theories, and consists in the practice of choosing the antipsychotic molecules according to the patients receptorial profile that makes them effective on specific psychopathological dimensions. Aim. To examine the clinical criteria of the treatment choice, the specific dimensions considered answer in acute psychotic patients and the effectiveness of haloperidol and risperidone relatively. Materials and methods. 458 acute psychotic patients were appraised with PANSS and CGI and were assigned to therapy with either haloperidol or risperidone.The criteria of choice for the treatment was appraised and the dimensions considered were evaluated. A factorial analysis was made in order to individualize the dimensional components characterizing the sample and to appraise the effectiveness of the molecules to their respect. Results. While risperidone is chosen for positive, negative and depressive symptomatology, haloperidol is chosen for positive and disorganized symptomatology, and for the psycho-motor agitation. The analysis of the PANSS items allowed us to individualize four main dimensional factors characterizing the sample: positive, negative, anxiety/depression, disorganization. Risperidone results superior in respect of haloperidol for the negative dimensions, anxiety/depression, disorganization. Conclusions. The clinical criteria of the treatment choice reflects what is indicated in literature, and the effectiveness of the molecules on the specific dimensions confirms the validity of the criteria of choice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Studio del profilo premorboso circadiano del sonno e delle attività in pazienti affetti da disturbi depressivi
No full textCharacterisation oh harbour and coastal sediments: specific destinations of dredged material
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