1,721,123 research outputs found
Adoption of telecommuting and changes in travel behavior in Southern California during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textOne of the major impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on society has been the massive adoption of telecommuting, and its related changes in travel choices. Using data collected in the greater Los Angeles region in the Fall 2020, this chapter examines the topic through the analysis of the changes in travel behavior among workers who adopted telecommuting in some capacity versus workers who did not telecommute during the pandemic. We analyze data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among 4,045 local residents to examine key sociodemographic characteristics of these two groups and their changes in travel behavior. We observe some major demographic differences between the telecommuting and non-telecommuting respondent groups, with non-telecommuters more likely to be non-white, younger, and with lower household income than telecommuters. At the time of the data collection, all groups reported lower average trip frequency across all travel modes and trip purposes, and reduced vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) as well. However, we observed high average monthly frequency of use of private vehicles and active travel modes for non-commute travel, in some cases indicating an increase from the previous year during the same period, as travelers avoided shared modes of travel during the pandemic
Changes in ative travel during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThis chapter examines the impact of the pandemic on walking and bicycling using three longitudinal samples of U.S. adults in the time of COVID-19. We use data from a unique longitudinal panel that was created as a combination of research projects conducted during 2018, 2019, and 2020 at the University of California, Davis. Data was collected in a sequence of four waves of data collection to better understand how active travel changed from early lockdown orders through lifts in travel restrictions. Bicycling in all three panels showed examples of an increase in the mode share for commuting at the start of the pandemic along with less of a decrease in the absolute number of trips with this mode, compared to other modes. Through person-level change and changes in mode share, walking showed an increase for non-work travel and daily physical activity during the spring of 2020. The analyses presented in this chapter show how some respondents initially turned to active travel during the early pandemic months, but that active travel generally waned later into the pandemic
Conclusion : reflections and lessons from the pandemic
No full textThis concluding chapter presents a summary of the research findings in the previous chapters, along with some reflections for each of the five themes of the book and a discussion of necessary future responses (post-pandemic or in the event of a new pandemic) and topics that require further exploration. The pandemic brought into sharp relief pre-existing social disparities and affected vulnerable populations the most. The economic impacts of the pandemic were diverse and varied by geography, but again certain geographies and economic sectors were more buffered from negative outcomes than others. A lesson and a challenge for policymakers is to find ways to understand and reduce these disparities, instead of pushing them under the rug. The impacts on mobility and travel were dramatic as total trips decreased, transit usage fell dramatically, and telecommuting and active modes of transportation increased. Some positive impacts included an improved air quality, a reduced number of traffic crashes, and a proliferation of walking and biking in some neighbourhoods. As cities are slowly recovering from the pandemic, the challenge is to keep the positive impacts but also find ways to help the transit industry rebound from its plunge. Long-term impacts of the pandemic in terms of changing patterns of work and work arrangements, shopping, recreation, and other human activities that will affect travel need additional time and more research to discern
The Interaction between Land Use and Transport Planning: A Methodological Issue
Full text linkAbstractThe interaction between Land Use and Transport Planning is not an issue clear and scientifically solved, probably due to the nature of the interactions or more likely for the methods used to analyze this topic. The paper aims to introduce an innovative proposal using a deductive approach in order to better understand the origin of modern land use policies and to optimize their future development. The matter involves many subjects and it needs the point of view of many cultural approaches. For this reason, the authors cannot claim to have fully answered the question but want to offer a useful contribution to the debate on this topic
Optimization of Choice Modelling in Complex Urban Contexts : Applications in planning for sustainable development
No full textThis paper focuses on the capabilities of choice models in assisting planners in the development of transport policies and interventions for strategic transport planning for urban systems. Models are looked at as part of a decision support system for the development of transport measures for sustainable mobility. The use of participation is looked at as a tool for the understanding of the real needs in terms of mobility in the complex contemporary society and for the construction of the future transport scenarios and transport alternatives
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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