1,721,120 research outputs found
Faint radio-loud quasars: clues on their evolution
No full textThe quasar sample selected by cross-correlating the FIRST and the 2dF Quasar Redshift Surveys allows us to explore, for the first time, the faint end of the radio and optical luminosity functions up to z = 2.2. We find indications (~3 \sigma) of a negative evolution for these faint sources at z > 1.8, both in radio and optical bands. This corresponds to a decrement in the space density of faint quasars of about a factor 2 at z=2.2 and confirms the presence of a differential evolution for the population of radio-active quasars. The faint end of both luminosity functions flattens and the comparison with the (optical) number density of the whole quasar population supports a dependence of the fraction of radio detected quasars on the optical luminosity. A progressive decrease in the fraction of quasars in the whole radio source population can be consistently accounted for within the `receding torus' scenario. The population of low luminosity quasars, which the FIRST-2dF detects, appears to depart from the `classical' scheme for radio-loud quasars
Is there a dichotomy in the radio loudness distribution of quasars?
Full text linkWe present a new approach to tackling the issue of radio loudness in quasars. We constrain a (simple) prescription for the intrinsic distribution of radio-to-optical ratios by comparing properties of Monte Carlo simulated samples with those of observed optically selected quasars. We find strong evidence for a dependence of the radio luminosity on the optical one, even though with a large scatter. The dependence of the fraction of radio-loud quasars on apparent and absolute optical magnitudes results in a selection effect related to the radio and optical limits of current surveys. The intrinsic distribution of the radio-to-optical ratios shows a peak at R 1.4* ∼ 0.3, with only ≲5 per cent of objects being included in a high-R1.4* tail, which identifies the radio-loud regime. No lack or deficit of sources - but only a steep transition region - is present between the radio-loud and radio-quiet populations at any R 1.4*. Briefly, we discuss possible origins for this behaviour (e.g. an absence of jets in radio-quiet sources, a large range of radiative radio efficiency, different lifetimes for the accretion and jet ejection phenomena, etc.)
The radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy: news from the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey
No full textWe present a detailed analysis of a sample of radio-detected quasars, obtained by matching together objects from the FIRST survey and the 2dF Quasar Redshift Survey (2dF). The data set consists of 113 sources, spanning a redshift range 0.35less than or similar tozless than or similar to2.2, with optical magnitudes 18.25less than or equal tob(J)less than or equal to20.85 and radio fluxes S(1.4 GHz)greater than or equal to1 mJy. These objects exhibit properties such as redshift and colour distribution in full agreement with those derived for the whole quasar population, suggesting that the mechanism(s) controlling the birth and lifetime of quasars are independent of their level of radio emission. The long-debated question of the radio-loud/radio quiet (RL/RQ) dichotomy is then investigated for the combined FIRST-2dF and FIRST-LBQS (Large Bright Quasar Survey) samples, as they present similar selection criteria. We find the fraction of radio detections to increase with magnitude from less than or similar to3 per cent at the faintest levels up to similar to20 per cent for the brightest sources. The classical RL/RQ dichotomy, in which the distribution of radio-to-optical ratios and/or radio luminosities shows a lack of sources, is ruled out by our analysis. We also find no tight relationship between optical and radio luminosities for sources in the sample considered, a result that tends to exclude the mass of the quasar black hole as the physical quantity determining the level of radio emission
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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