1,721,025 research outputs found
Teaching and learning Sanskrit through Tamil
No full textThis paper investigates a specific aspect of Sanskrit education in 19th-century Tamil Nadu. In particular, it makes use of manuscripts containing copies of the Sanskrit thesaurus entitled Nāmaliṅgānuśāsana (also known as Amarakośa) that are accompanied by intralinear annotations composed in a particular register of highly Sanskritised Tamil, which for convenience’s sake can be called Manipravalam. The fact that these manuscripts were used as educational tools by intermediate students of Sanskrit does not only emerge from the content of the work they contain, but also from the analysis of their paratexts. This study aims at reconsidering some of the common assumptions about the traditional Indic educational setting, which is often and most probably unfairly described as relying mostly upon memory to the detriment of the written medium
On Texts and Disciplines: How the Pratisakhyas are Categorised by Their Commentaries
No full textThis article explores the relationship between texts and the scholarly categories to which they are attributed. In particular, it focuses on the Pratisakhyas-grammars of the linguistic features characterising Vedic recitation-and on the position they occupy within the domains of Sanskritic scholarship according to the different views expressed by their commentaries. In fact, the Pratisakhyas are variously presented as corresponding to specific canonical or non-canonical disciplines, or as piecing together parts of many disciplines. Because of the inherent stylistic difference between the Pratisakhyas and their commentaries, Vedic scholars found in the latter ones the (textual) space where they could express their opinions regarding the scholarly frame of reference to which the Pratisakhyas were said to belong
On (the) sandhi between the Sanskrit and the Modern Western Grammatical Traditions: From Colebrooke to Bloomfield via Muller
Full text linkThis article traces the history of how modern Western linguistics adopted the term sandhi from the Sanskrit grammatical tradition and adapted it to its theoretical needs. In particular, we will acknowledge the fundamental role played by Willer, who combining both Indic (Prakriya grammars and Pratisakhyas) and Western approaches (those of Colebrooke and Bopp) to the representation of Sanskrit grammar, coined in 1866 the labels of internal sandhi and external sandhi. Such labels gained momentum thanks to the works of Whitney in the 19th century and Bloomfield in the 20th century and eventually became common parlance in Western linguistics
The Syntax of Colophons: A Comparative Study across Pothi Manuscripts
No full textThis volume is the first to attempt a comprehensive and cross-disciplinary analysis of the manuscript cultures implementing the pothi manuscript form (a loosely bound stack of oblong folios). It is the indigenous form by which manuscripts have been crafted in South Asia and the cultural areas most influenced by it, that is to say Central and South East Asia. The volume focuses particularly on the colophons featured in such manuscripts presenting a series of essays enabling the reader to engage in a historical and comparative investigation of the links connecting the several manuscript cultures examined here. Colophons as paratexts are situated at the intersection between texts and the artefacts that contain them and offer a unique vantage point to attain global appreciation of their manuscript cultures and literary traditions. Colophons are also the product of scribal activities that have moved across regions and epochs alongside the pothi form, providing a common thread binding together the many millions of pothis still today found in libraries in Asia and the world over. These contributions provide a systematic approach to the internal structure of colophons, i.e. their ‘syntax’, and facilitate a vital, comparative approach
Scribe, Owner, or Both? Some Ambiguities in the Interpretations of Personal Names in Colophons from Tamil Nadu
No full textThe study of the linguistic style and register of Tamil used in colophons found in manuscripts hailing from Tamil Nadu and containing Sanskrit, Tamil and Manipravalam texts brings us to the fringes of what is the conventional use of the language. Many idiosyncrasies and systematic variations from what is to-day accepted as standard are met and force us to reconsider linguistic assumptions. This article focuses on personal names, their syntactic position in the colophons, and the ensuing ambiguity concerning their interpretation. Often one cannot in fact immediately decide whether they refer to scribes, owners, or individuals who played both roles
On (the) Sandhi between the Tamil and Sanskrit Grammatical Traditions
Full text linkThis article provides a few observations on some of the theories that the Sanskrit and the Tamil grammatical traditions share about the contexts in which the sounds of words change and which kinds of changes these sounds can undergo. The study shows that even if Tamil grammarians freely rearranged the Sanskrit material and adapted it to their concerns, it is nonetheless plausible to claim that there was a transfer of ideas from the Sanskrit tradition to the Tamil one also in what we could call the field of phonology.Cet article livre quelques observations relatives à certaines théories que les traditions grammaticales sanskrite et tamoule partagent concernant les contextes dans lesquels les sons des mots changent, ainsi que les types de changements que ces sons subissent. L’étude montre que, même si les grammairiens tamouls réarrangent librement le matériel sanskrit et l’adaptent à leurs préoccupations, on peut néanmoins affirmer qu’il y a eu un transfert d’idées de la tradition sanskrite vers la tradition tamoule aussi dans le domaine que nous appelons «phonologie».Ciotti Giovanni. On (the) Sandhi between the Tamil and Sanskrit Grammatical Traditions. In: Histoire Épistémologie Langage, tome 39, fascicule 2, 2017. La grammaire sanskrite étendue. pp. 89-102
L’edizione digitale del “Nuovo Liruti”: il Dizionario biografico dei friulani
Full text linkLa maggior parte dei dizionari biografici oggi esistenti tende sempre più spesso a trasformarsi da edizione cartacea ad edizione on-line. Solo per citare alcuni tra gli esempi più conosciuti, la Treccani ha realizzato una edizione digitale del Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, che risulta più facilmente fruibile e più aggiornata rispetto all’edizione cartacea (la quale - organizzata secondo un ordinamento alfabetico – con le voci relative alla lettera “A” pubblicate nel 1960 e quelle relative alla lettera “M” pubblicate nel 2011 – risulta attualmente del tutto obsoleta); il Dizionario Rosi del Rinascimento Risorgimentale è completamente consultabile on-line, così come il dizionario biografico Donne e Uomini della Resistenza dell’Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d’Italia, il Dizionario Biografico on-line dei Protestanti in Italia della Società di Studi Valdesi, il Diccionario Biográfico Español, solo per fare alcuni esempi significativi. Tuttavia, spesso questi
dizionari on-line presentano un’interfaccia poco intuitiva e spesso non così “attraente” da invogliare l’utente nella navigazione. Inoltre non vengono quasi mai utilizzati gli strumenti del web setico che invece possono trovare una loro peculiare ed interessante applicazione proprio in questo particolare campo.
Il progetto che si intende presentare in questa sede vuole costituire una best practice per l’applicazione di metodologie innovative nella realizzazione di edizioni digitali dei dizionari biografici, costituendo, inoltre, un esempio di collaborazione tra umanisti ed informatici, senza la quale il progetto non sarebbe stato possibile
Hypomethylating Agent-Based Combination Therapies to Treat Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Full text linkAllogeneic stem cell transplantation still represents the best curative option for most patients with acute myeloid leukemia, but relapse is still dramatically high. Due to their immunologic activity and safety profile, hypomethylating agents (HMAs) represent an interesting backbone for combination therapies. This review reports mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy data on combination strategies based on HMAs in the setting of post-allogeneic stem cell transplant relapse. Several studies highlighted how HMAs and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) combination may be advantageous. The combination strategy of HMA with venetoclax, possibly in association with DLI, is showing excellent results in terms of response rate, including molecular responses. Lenalidomide, despite its well-known high rates of severe graft-versus-host disease in post-transplant settings, is showing an acceptable safety profile in association with HMAs with a competitive response rate. Regarding FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutant AML, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and particularly sorafenib have promising results as monotherapy and in combination with HMAs. Conversely, combination strategies with gemtuzumab ozogamicin or immune checkpoint inhibitors did not show competitive response rates and seem to be currently less attractive strategies. Associations with histone deacetylase inhibitors and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) inhibitors represent new possible strategies that need to be better investigated
Learning-free pattern detection for manuscript research: An efficient approach toward making manuscript images searchable
Full text linkAutomatic pattern detection has become increasingly important for scholars in the humanities as the number of manuscripts that have been digitised has grown. Most of the state-of-the-art methods used for pattern detection depend on the availability of a large number of training samples, which are typically not available in the humanities as they involve tedious manual annotation by researchers (e.g. marking the location and size of words, drawings, seals and so on). This makes the applicability of such methods very limited within the field of manuscript research. We propose a learning-free approach based on a state-of-the-art Naive Bayes Nearest-Neighbour classifier for the task of pattern detection in manuscript images. The method has already been successfully applied to an actual research question from South Asian studies about palm-leaf manuscripts. Furthermore, state-of-the-art results have been achieved on two extremely challenging datasets, namely the AMADI_LontarSet dataset of handwriting on palm leaves for word-spotting and the DocExplore dataset of medieval manuscripts for pattern detection. A performance analysis is provided as well in order to facilitate later comparisons by other researchers. Finally, an easy-to-use implementation of the proposed method is developed as a software tool and made freely available
Tracing Manuscripts in Time and Space through Paratexts
Full text linkAs records of the link between a manuscript and the texts it contains, paratexts document many aspects of a manuscript’s life: production, transmission, usage, and reception. Comprehensive studies of paratexts are still rare in the field of manuscript studies, and the universal categories of time and space are used to create a common frame for research and comparisons. Contributions in this volume span over three continents and one millennium
- …
