1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Le moment conservateur du néolibéralisme : famille, communauté, tradition entre Europe et Amériques
No full textL'hypothèse avancée par cette recherche est qu'une tension conservatrice existe au sein du néolibéralisme, permettant de le lire non pas simplement comme une théorie économique, mais comme une doctrine politique. Cette thèse identifie un «moment» conservateur du néolibéralisme, c'est-à-dire un noyau conceptuel qui, selon les contextes historiques et géographiques, théorise la société comme un ordre hiérarchique, institutionnalisé à travers des structures telles que la famille, la communauté et la tradition. Ce travail étudie comment, historiquement, le néolibéralisme est né de la nécessité de défendre l'ordre du marché contre les exigences collectivistes du socialisme et contre les demandes des mouvements sociaux qui menaçaient sa stabilité. Dans ce conflit théorico-politique, l'appareil conceptuel conservateur est devenu l'instrument de réaffirmation des hiérarchies fonctionnelles à la valorisation du capital et au gouvernement de la liberté individuelle. L'hypothèse de ce travail est examinée à travers une perspective globale, qui étudie d'abord la genèse européenne et ensuite la transmission transatlantique du néolibéralisme. La première partie se concentre sur l'Europe entre les années 1930 et la fin des années 1950, et spécifiquement sur l'Allemagne, l'Autriche et l'Angleterre, où les doctrines néolibérales ont émergé en réponse à la crise des années 1930, à la montée de la société de masse et à la diffusion de modèles étatiques interventionnistes. Le premier chapitre est consacré au radicalisme conservateur de Wilhelm Röpke (1899-1966), qui a théorisé la nécessité d'un marché légalement réglementé et d'institutions telles que la famille et la communauté comme instruments pour garantir l'obéissance des individus à un ordre social menacé, rétablissant ainsi l'équilibre de l'économie de marché. Le deuxième chapitre étudie le néolibéralisme conservateur de Friedrich A. Von Hayek (1899-1992), qui a défini une constitution de la liberté fondée sur l'ordre du marché et légitimée par l'autorité de la tradition. Les écrits de Hayek sont donc essentiels pour cette recherche, car ils ont engagé une «bataille d'idées» contre le socialisme en utilisant les outils conceptuels du conservatisme pour affirmer la validité de l'ordre du marché. La pertinence de Röpke et de Hayek ne tient pas seulement à leur centralité dans l'élaboration de la doctrine néolibérale, mais aussi à leur rôle dans la diffusion transatlantique du noyau conservateur du néolibéralisme. En suivant les traces de Hayek aux États-Unis et des deux en Argentine, le moment conservateur du néolibéralisme est étudié entre les années 1950 et 1980, d'abord aux États-Unis et ensuite en Argentine. Le troisième chapitre se focalise sur le néoconservatisme d'Irving Kristol (1920-2009) qui, face aux mouvements sociaux et la Great Society, pose le problème de la restauration de la tradition libérale et de la légitimation de l'ordre du marché. Tout en enregistrant les différences entre néolibéraux et néoconservateurs, il est mis en évidence une identification commune, bien que non homogène, des institutions sociales conservatrices comme nécessaires à la réaffirmation des hiérarchies indispensables au fonctionnement de l'ordre marchand. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre est consacré aux écrits d'Álvaro Alsogaray (1913-2005), José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz (1925-2013) et Ricardo Zinn (1926-1995), à travers lesquels est analysé la rencontre théorique et institutionnelle entre le néolibéralisme européenne et le régime dictatorial argentin. Ces auteurs ont reconnu le néolibéralisme comme le seul paradigme admissible pour s'opposer aux modèles politiques collectivistes et la dictature comme un instrument valide pour imposer l'ordre du marché. Le cas argentin est donc central pour l'analyse du moment conservateur du néolibéralisme car il a porté à sa limite extrême la contradiction constitutive entre la liberté promise par le marché et sa limitation par des structures sociétales conservatrices.The hypothesis of this research is that a fundamental conservative tension exists within neoliberalism, allowing to read it not simply as an economic theory, but as a political doctrine. This thesis identifies a conservative «moment» of neoliberalism, that is, a conceptual core that, according to historical and geographical contexts, theorizes society as a hierarchical order, institutionalized through structures such as the family, the community and tradition. This work investigates how historically neoliberalism emerged from the need to defend the market order against the collectivist demands of socialism and against the claims of social movements that were threatening its hold. Within this theoretical-political conflict, the conservative conceptual apparatus became the instrument for reaffirming the hierarchies functional to the valorization of capital and to the government of individual freedom. The hypothesis of this work is examined through a global perspective, which first investigates the European genesis and then the transatlantic transmission of neoliberalism. The first part focuses on Europe in the period between the 1930s and the end of the 1950s, with particular attention to Germany, Austria and England, where neoliberal doctrines emerged in response to the crisis of the 1930s, the rise of a mass society and the spread of interventionist state models. The first chapter is devoted to the «conservative radicalism» of Wilhelm Röpke (1899-1966), who theorized the need for a legally regulated market and institutions such as the family and the community as instruments to ensure the obedience of individuals to a threatened social order, thus restoring the harmony and balance of market economy. The second chapter investigates the conservative neoliberalism of Friedrich A. von Hayek (1899-1992) who outlined a «constitution of freedom» based on the market order and legitimized by the authority of tradition. Hayek’s writings are thus central to this research, as they engaged in a «battle of ideas» against socialism by employing the conceptual tools of conservatism as the ideological operators necessary to assert the cogency of the market order. The relevance of Röpke and Hayek, however, derived not only from their centrality in the elaboration of the neoliberal doctrine, but also from their role in the transatlantic diffusion of the conservative nucleus of neoliberalism. Following in the footsteps of Hayek in the United States and of both in Argentina, the conservative moment of neoliberalism is investigated between the 1950s and the 1980s, first in the United States and then in Argentina. In the third chapter, the focus is on the neoconservatism of Irving Kristol (1920-2009) who, against social movements and the Great Society, faced the problem of restoring the liberal tradition and of reaffirming the legitimacy of the market order. While recording the differences between neoliberals and neoconservatives, it is possible to highlight a common, though not homogeneous, identification of conservative social institutions as necessary to reaffirm the hierarchies indispensable to the functioning of the market order. Finally, the fourth chapter is devoted to the writings of Álvaro Alsogaray (1913-2005), José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz (1925-2013) and Ricardo Zinn (1926-1995), through which it is possible to interrogate the theoretical and institutional encounter between European-derived neoliberalism and the Argentinean dictatorial regime. These authors recognized neoliberalism as the only possible paradigm to oppose collectivist and dirigiste political models and the dictatorship as an exceptional instrument to impose the market order. The Argentine case is therefore central to the analysis of the conservative moment of neoliberalism because it took to its extreme limit the constitutive contradiction between the freedom promised by the market and its limitation through conservative societal structures
The Free Market between Constitutionalism and Dictatorship: on the Adaptation and Radicalization of Friedrich von Hayek’s Thought in Argentina
No full textThe essay aims to reconstruct the early dissemination of neoliberal ideas in Argentina, particularly focusing on the thought of Friedrich A. von Hayek between 1955 and 1983. It argues that outside the regions where this theory was originally conceived, namely Europe and United States, its conservative and authoritarian core was accentuated and radicalized by both Western and Argentine neoliberal intellectuals. Specifically, on the one hand, Hayek’s thought was interpreted in continuity with the Argentine liberal-conservative tradition and used to validate and restore its most elitist and anti-democratic aspects. On the other hand, it was adopted to oppose Peronism, developmentalism, and socialism as well as to justify, dictatorial regimes tasked with temporarily restoring the conditions for a free-market society. The first part of the essay, therefore, examines the institutions, think tanks, and journals that allowed the initial circulation of neoliberal ideas in Argentina, illustrating how they were adapted to the local context. While the second part analyzes Hayek’s visits to Argentina and the content of his lectures, the last part examines how Hayek’s thought was interpreted by Álvaro Alsogaray, Carlos Sanchez Sañudo, and Alberto Benegas Lynch, shedding light on how they rein- forced and pushed its conservative and authoritarian nucleus to its extreme consequences
THE La Guerra Por El Mercado Libre. Neoliberalismo Y Violencia Autoritaria En Guatemala (1954-1983)
No full textThe article aims to investigate the intellectual origins of neoliberalism in Guatemala and the relationship it maintained with authoritarianism between 1954 and 1983. Identifying Guatemala as a crucial yet neglected site for the dissemination of neoliberal theory in Latin America, the article examines the political thought of Manuel Ayau, who played a prominent role both in the Mont Pelerin Society and other international neoliberal think tanks, as well as in the original spread of neoliberalism in the country. Thus, the first part analyzes the battle of ideas fought by Ayau through the establishment of the Centro de Estudios Económico-Sociales and the Universidad Francisco Marroquín to counter developmentalist policies and the spread of communism. By discussing both the political relationships Ayau maintained with the regimes of Arana Osorio and Ríos Montt and his writings on dictatorship, guerrilla warfare, and human rights, the second part shows how, while critical of the economic policies adopted by the military regimes, he justified the violence they exerted as a necessary defense of property and market order.El artículo investiga los orígenes intelectuales del neoliberalismo en Guatemala y la relación que mantuvo con el autoritarismo entre 1954 y 1983. Mediante la identificación de Guatemala como un lugar crucial para la difusión de la teoría neoliberal en América Latina, el artículo examina el pensamiento político de Manuel Ayau, que desempeñó un papel destacado tanto en la Sociedad Mont Pelerin y en otros centros de pensamiento neoliberales internacionales, así como en la difusión original del neoliberalismo en elpaís. En la primera parte, por lo tanto, se analiza la batalla de ideas que libró Ayau a través del establecimiento del Centro de Estudios Económico-Sociales y la Universidad Francisco Marroquín para contrarrestar las políticas económicas desarrollistas y la propagación del comunismo. Al estudiar tanto las relaciones políticas que Ayau mantuvo con los regímenes de Arana Osorio y Ríos Montt como sus escritos sobre dictadura, guerrilla y derechos humanos, la segunda parte muestra cómo, si bien fue crítico conlas políticas económicas adoptadas por los regímenes militares, justificó la violencia que ejercían como una defensa necesaria de la propiedad y el orden del mercado
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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