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The case for empirical studies of the practice of software development
No full textIn this paper, we argue that ethnographically-based field studies can make a unique contribution to empirical software engineering. We begin by discussing why such studies are important and what they entail. We then discuss the contexts in which they may inform empirical software engineering research (perhaps in combination with other types of study) and how they might be tailored to fit the needs of software engineers
Getting Started with Chaos Engineering – design of an implementation framework in practice
No full textBackground. Chaos Engineering is proposed as a practice to verify a system’s resilience under real, operational conditions. It employs fault injection, is originally developed at Netflix, and supported by several tools from there and other sources. Aims. We aim to intro- duce Chaos Engineering at ICA Gruppen AB, a group of companies whose core business is grocery retail, to improve their systems’ resilience, and to capture our knowledge gained from literature and interviews in a process framework for the introduction of Chaos Engineering. Method. The research is conducted under the design science paradigm, where the problem is conceptualized through a literature study of Chaos Engineering and exploratory interviews in the company. The solution framework is designed based on the literature and a tool survey, and validated by letting software en- gineers at ICA apply parts of it to the software systems of ica.se website, including its e-shop. Results. The main contributions are a synthesis of Chaos Engineering literature and tools, in depth un- derstanding of the needs of the case company, and guidelines for introducing Chaos Engineering. Conclusions. The applied parts were concluded to be feasible and they successfully discovered a set of initial improvement opportunities for the system’s resilience, as well as a suitable Chaos Engineering practice for future resilience testing of the system. We recommend companies using the frame- work as a guide for the implementation of Chaos Engineering
Experience on applying quantitative and qualitative empiricism to software engineering
No full textThe goal of the workshop series on empirical software engineering is to have discussions on issues related to current software engineering research and practice. Nowadays, SE technologies are employed that frequently lack sufficient evidence regarding their suitability, their limits, qualities, costs, and inherent risks. This supports the provision that evidence is becoming more and more important for practitioners and academics to support arguments and decisions in research as well as software engineering practice. The advent of the evidence-based software engineering paradigm emphasizes the importance of aggregating empirical results. This goal of this workshop, "EXPERIENCE ON APPLYING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE EMPIRICISM TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING", is to discuss issues related to fostering the evidence-based paradigm. It therefore focuses on experiences with and approaches for quantitative and qualitative empirical evaluation and validation of Software Engineering techniques, methods, and tools. A major discussion relates to how to combine the qualitative and quantitative methods. The workshop itself is the fifth one in the workshop series on empirical Software Engineering. The first one was held in conjunction with PROFES 2002 in Rovaniemi, the second one was held in conjunction with the Empirical Software Engineering International Week 2003 in Rome, the third was held 2005 in Oulu, fourth one in 2006 in Amsterdam both in conjunction with the PROFES Conference
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
An approach for quantitative aggregation of evidence from controlled experiments in software engineering
No full textEmpirical studies are necessary to gain reliable insights into the effects of software engineering technologies and to allow controlling risks associated with their usage. Recently, many empirical studies have been run in many software engineering areas (e.g., inspections). However, in order to be useful for decision-making, synthesis is required. Synthesis means to analyze, combine, summarize, and generalize the results of empirical studies. However, software engineering lacks a systematic approach for synthesis: Today, most syntheses in software engineering use narrative, informal summaries. These narrative reviews suffer from a number of weaknesses; in particular, they are subjective and thus often incorrect
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