1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
La construction du modèle européen de coopération en matière de sécurité et de défense au concret : les valeurs à l'articulation du formel et de l'informel
No full textAlthough the CFSP/CSDP is characterised by the presence of formal agreements between the main actors (States and Institutions), they are insufficient to understand the functioning and consequences of the CFSP/CSDP in international policy. Many actors at different political levels act within the framework of the CFSP/CSDP and thus for the construction of European foreign policy. Not only: intangible factors of cultural and metapolitical nature also constitute an element of reference and influence on the constitutive and effective level of the CFSP/CSDP and on the behaviour of the actors involved. Moreover, formally CSDP is “value-oriented” and this is the key assumption on which the methodological choice to focus on these cultural and metapolitical factors, such as values, norms and principles, depends.A constructivist approach was used by analyzing two case studies: Ukraine and Iran. These two cases were chosen because they have an almost coincident “crisisification-decrisisification” cycle. The period analyzed is 2003-2017, focusing particularly on the last phase (from 2013 to 2017). In this way, the European actors and institutions analysed were standardized, allowing to focus the research on other elements such as the values, the cultural field, identity, principles and norms. How these elements were operationalized in the concrete construction of CSDP, which factors conditioned this operationalization and whether these dynamics followed more formal or informal dynamics, is the subject of this research.Through the analysis of the discourse and documents, we were able to ascertain how the factors that conditioned the operationalization of these elements (above all, values) are not exclusively endogenous (to the Eu's actors or institutions) but depend in a decisive way on the cultural field of the external partner - and that informal dynamics, practices and procedures have a role of preliminary and, sometimes (as in the case of lead groups formation), substantial definition of the interpretative and operative frameworks in this process.Bien que la PESC / PSDC se caractérise par la présence d'accords formels entre les principaux acteurs (États et Institutions), ils ne sont pas suffisants pour comprendre le fonctionnement et les conséquences de la PESC / PSDC en politique internationale. De nombreux acteurs à différents niveaux politiques agissent dans le cadre de la PESC / PSDC et par ce biais pour la construction de la politique étrangère européenne. De plus, des facteurs immatériels de nature culturelle et métapolitique constituent également un élément de référence et d'influence sur le plan constitutif et sur le plan effectif de la PESC / PSDC et aussi sur le comportement des acteurs en jeu. De plus, la PSDC est formellement « orientée par les valeurs » et c'est l'hypothèse clé dont dépend le choix méthodologique de se concentrer sur ces facteurs culturels et métapolitiques, tels que les valeurs, les normes et les principes. Une approche constructiviste a été utilisée en analysant deux études de cas : l'Ukraine et l'Iran. Ces deux cas ont été choisis car ils ont un cycle « crisification-décrisification » presque coïncident. La période analysée est 2003-2017, en se concentrant particulièrement sur la dernière phase (de 2013 à 2017). De cette façon, les acteurs et institutions européens analysés ont été standardisés, permettant de concentrer la recherche sur d'autres éléments tels que les valeurs, le champ culturel, l'identité, les principes et les normes. Comment ces éléments ont été opérationnalisés dans la construction concrète de la PSDC, quels facteurs ont conditionné cette opérationnalisation et si ces dynamiques ont suivi des dynamiques plus formelles ou informelles, fait l'objet de cette recherche. A travers l'analyse des discours et des documents, nous avons pu constater comment les facteurs qui ont conditionné l'opérationnalisation de ces éléments (surtout, les valeurs) ne sont pas exclusivement endogènes (aux acteurs ou institutions de l'UE) mais dépendent de manière déterminante du champ culturel du partenaire externe - et que les dynamiques, pratiques et procédures informelles ils ont un rôle de définition préliminaire et, parfois (comme dans le cas des leads groups), substantielle des cadres interprétatifs et opérationnels de référence dans ce processus
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Crisisification et la Boussole Strategique: redéfinition l'(auto)représentation du rôle de l'UE sur la scène internationale ?
No full textInternational audienceTo improve its capacity building, cohesion and effectiveness in the international arena, the EU would like to strengthen the capacity for crisis prevention, intervention and management, through the Strategic Compass. A decision-making method oriented, above all, to crisis response and prevention is already present alongside “traditional” EU decision-making method – i.e., based on long consultations with stakeholders, a long process of mediation and balance between positions to achieve solutions based on consensus and long-term policies. This phenomenon – this change in the nature of the processes by which collective decisions are made – is called crisisification by Mark Rhinard: it consists in ‘finding the next urgent event, prioritizing speed in decision-making, ushering in new constellations of concerned actors and emphasizing new narratives of what matters in European governance’ (Rhinard 2019). According to the discourse of the EU institutions (EEAS 2021), past and, above all, future crises play an essential role in the construction of the Strategic Compass and the “next CSDP”: this could mean that crisisificaiton could, potentially, “prevail” on the traditional method of decision-making, reshaping the (self)representation of the EU role as foreign policy actor and the political processes (internal and external, formal and informal) of CSDP. To do this, the CSDP political discourse arising from the last three decades of political debate – e.g., EU as "civilian power" (Telò 2006), "slow power" etc. – must be first "reform" through a reframing operation which has already begun with the publication of the European Union Global Strategy in 2016 (EUGS) but which could “change gear” with the adoption and publication of the Strategic Compass. More in detail, framing consists of ‘promot[ing] a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation and/or treatment recommendation. [...] Frames diagnose, evaluate and prescribe’ (Entman 1993). Through the comparative analysis of the CSDP documents and official speeches (starting from the EUGS up to the Strategic Compass), this communication questions the main reframing elements of the CSDP discourse arising from the Strategic Compass, how these could impact the self-representation of European actors (governments and institutions) in the international arena and how (and how much) these changes could potentially lead to a crisisification of the CSDP – with important consequences on the identity of European foreign policy and the resulting political processes
Practices in European security and defense cooperation : operationalization of values between formal and informal dynamics.
No full textBien que la PESC / PSDC se caractérise par la présence d'accords formels entre les principaux acteurs (États et Institutions), ils ne sont pas suffisants pour comprendre le fonctionnement et les conséquences de la PESC / PSDC en politique internationale. De nombreux acteurs à différents niveaux politiques agissent dans le cadre de la PESC / PSDC et par ce biais pour la construction de la politique étrangère européenne. De plus, des facteurs immatériels de nature culturelle et métapolitique constituent également un élément de référence et d'influence sur le plan constitutif et sur le plan effectif de la PESC / PSDC et aussi sur le comportement des acteurs en jeu. De plus, la PSDC est formellement « orientée par les valeurs » et c'est l'hypothèse clé dont dépend le choix méthodologique de se concentrer sur ces facteurs culturels et métapolitiques, tels que les valeurs, les normes et les principes. Une approche constructiviste a été utilisée en analysant deux études de cas : l'Ukraine et l'Iran. Ces deux cas ont été choisis car ils ont un cycle « crisification-décrisification » presque coïncident. La période analysée est 2003-2017, en se concentrant particulièrement sur la dernière phase (de 2013 à 2017). De cette façon, les acteurs et institutions européens analysés ont été standardisés, permettant de concentrer la recherche sur d'autres éléments tels que les valeurs, le champ culturel, l'identité, les principes et les normes. Comment ces éléments ont été opérationnalisés dans la construction concrète de la PSDC, quels facteurs ont conditionné cette opérationnalisation et si ces dynamiques ont suivi des dynamiques plus formelles ou informelles, fait l'objet de cette recherche. A travers l'analyse des discours et des documents, nous avons pu constater comment les facteurs qui ont conditionné l'opérationnalisation de ces éléments (surtout, les valeurs) ne sont pas exclusivement endogènes (aux acteurs ou institutions de l'UE) mais dépendent de manière déterminante du champ culturel du partenaire externe - et que les dynamiques, pratiques et procédures informelles ils ont un rôle de définition préliminaire et, parfois (comme dans le cas des leads groups), substantielle des cadres interprétatifs et opérationnels de référence dans ce processus.Although the CFSP/CSDP is characterised by the presence of formal agreements between the main actors (States and Institutions), they are insufficient to understand the functioning and consequences of the CFSP/CSDP in international policy. Many actors at different political levels act within the framework of the CFSP/CSDP and thus for the construction of European foreign policy. Not only: intangible factors of cultural and metapolitical nature also constitute an element of reference and influence on the constitutive and effective level of the CFSP/CSDP and on the behaviour of the actors involved. Moreover, formally CSDP is “value-oriented” and this is the key assumption on which the methodological choice to focus on these cultural and metapolitical factors, such as values, norms and principles, depends.A constructivist approach was used by analyzing two case studies: Ukraine and Iran. These two cases were chosen because they have an almost coincident “crisisification-decrisisification” cycle. The period analyzed is 2003-2017, focusing particularly on the last phase (from 2013 to 2017). In this way, the European actors and institutions analysed were standardized, allowing to focus the research on other elements such as the values, the cultural field, identity, principles and norms. How these elements were operationalized in the concrete construction of CSDP, which factors conditioned this operationalization and whether these dynamics followed more formal or informal dynamics, is the subject of this research.Through the analysis of the discourse and documents, we were able to ascertain how the factors that conditioned the operationalization of these elements (above all, values) are not exclusively endogenous (to the Eu's actors or institutions) but depend in a decisive way on the cultural field of the external partner - and that informal dynamics, practices and procedures have a role of preliminary and, sometimes (as in the case of lead groups formation), substantial definition of the interpretative and operative frameworks in this process
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
La Cooperazione Strutturata e Permanente (PeSCo) e il ruolo del Mediterraneo nella sua realizzazione politica e proiezione strategica
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