1,720,985 research outputs found
Public defense and social structure: Conventions and commitments within criminal justice
Get PDFEl proceso penal en la Provincia de Buenos Aires se ha visto afectado por reformas radicales en las últimas décadas. Comenzando con el reemplazo completo del código procesal penal en 1998 hasta la introducción de audiencias previas al juicio y procedimientos simplificados para casos declarados en flagrante delito en 2004, las reformas han impactado más que los procedimientos legales; han cambiado la forma en que los actores judiciales se perciben a sí mismos y sus relaciones con la institución. Basado en entrevistas con diez defensores públicos de la Proviencia de Buenos Aires (Argenina), este artículo ofrece un análisis exploratorio sobre cómo las percepciones de los defensores públicos han sido reconfiguradas por esas reformas y en qué medida esos cambios internos han alterado la dinámica interna de la justicia penal. A partir de la sociología de Bernard Lahire y Laurent Thenevot, identificamos en las respuestas de los defensores públicos cómo estos cambios modificaron sus compromisos personales. Mapear esos compromisos nos permite describir los pliegues subjetivos de la Defensa Pública a través de los cuales es posible comprender mejor las decisiones de los defensores públicos al considerar la interiorización que hacen del mundo judicial y su relación con el contexto institucional.The criminal process in the Province of Buenos Aires has been affected by radical reforms in the last decades. Beginning with the complete replacement of the criminal procedure code in 1998 to the introduction of pre-trial hearings and simplified procedures for cases declared in flagrante delicto in 2004 the reforms have impacted more than legal procedures; they have changed the way judicial actors perceive themselves and their relations with the institution. Based on interviews with ten public defenders of the PBA this article offers an exploratory analysis on how public defenders’ perceptions have been impacted by those reforms and to what extent those internal changes have affected the internal dynamics of the PD. Drawing from the sociology of Bernard Lahire and Laurent Thenevot we identify in the public defenders’ responses how these changes affected their personal commitments. Mapping those commitments allow us to describe the subjective folds of the PD through which it is possible to better understand the decisions of public defenders by considering the internalization they make of the judicial world and its relationship with the institutional context.Fil: Kostenwein, Ezequiel Roberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ciocchini, Pablo Leandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Enfrentando la opacidad de la institución judicial
Get PDFThe administration of justice is a poorly studied institution, particularly in peripheral and semi-peripheral societies. This is due mostly to the difficulty that social scientists face when trying to access the judicial institution. However, in recent decades this situation has begun to be reversed. This relative "openness" of the institution is closely related to the ongoing reforms that have been carried out over the last years. However, many of these studies are conducted or commissioned by the promoters of the reform programs themselves and suffer, therefore, from a bias that prevents addressing preconceptions about how the institution should work. This article presents the characterization of the judicial files in the administration of justice of Buenos Aires made by reformers as an example of this bias. The challenge is to study the administration of justice from a critical and reflective approach that seeks to understand it while questioning the hegemonic values that impose the ideas of the desirable. The papers presented in this issue ofSortuz: Journal of Emergent Oñati Socio-Legal Studies adopt a critical approach and attempt to bring light to, on the one hand, the relations between the judicial institution and the political, social and economic forces of society, and on the other hand, the complex relationships between the judicial actors that take place inside the institution
Domando a la bestia: las reformas en la justicia penal bonaerense para eliminar la demora judicial
Get PDFDesde la transición a la democracia el discurso político ha identificado a la demora judicial como la evidencia de la injusticia e ineficiencia de la justicia penal en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Estos discursos sobre la demora judicial han permitido que se lleven a cabo una serie de reformas en el sistema de justicia penal, la cuales han reestructurado las prácticas organizacionales al punto de constituir una nueva y diferente estrategia de producción de justicia. Este artículo utiliza el enfoque de la gubernamentalidad introducido por Foucault para identificar, describir y comprender estos discursos y prácticas, y las estrategias y tácticas detrás de ellos.Since the transition to democracy the political discourse has projected court delay court as evidence of injustice and inefficiency in the criminal justice of the Province of Buenos Aires. These discourses of court delay have enabled a number of reforms in the criminal justice system, which has reshaped organisational practices to the extent of constituting a new and different strategy of producing justice. This article uses the Foucauldian govermentality framework to identify, describe and make sense of those discourses and practices, and the strategies and tactics behind them.Instituto de Cultura Jurídica (ICJ
La persistencia del expediente judicial: el caso de la administración de justicia penal bonaerense
Get PDFLos discursos de reforma judicial y los programas que han promovido en América Latina han asociado al expediente judicial en el proceso penal con las prácticas del sistema inquisitorial. La persistencia del expediente a pesar de las numerosas reformas que han buscado erradicarlo se ha explicado por la resistencia de los actores judiciales a abandonar prácticas autoritarias y burocráticas. En este artículo se busca comprender la persistencia del expediente a través del análisis de sus múltiples usos en las prácticas judiciales diarias de la administración de justicia penal bonaerense.Judicial reform discourses and the programs they have promoted in Latin America have associated the judicial file in the criminal process with inquisitorial practices. The persistence of the file despite the number of reforms that have sought to eradicate it has been explained by the resistance of judicial actors to leave bureaucratic and authoritarian practices. This article seeks to understand the judicial file endurance through the analysis of its multiples uses in the daily judicial practices of the criminal justice of the Province of Buenos Aires.Instituto de Cultura Jurídica (ICJ
Arresting a Due Process Revolution: The Reform of Indonesia's Code of Criminal Procedure and the Persistence of History
No full textThe fall of the Suharto regime in 1998 precipitate an era of reformasi, or general political and legal reforms in Indonesia. As reformasi envisaged democracy and liberal politics, both Indonesian and international actors called for the overhaul of the Code of Criminal Procedure, or Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP), arguing that KUHAP was a relic from an authoritarian age, unfit for a newly democratizing nation. Notwithstanding Indonesia’s adoption of the International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture as well as institutional reforms during reformasi that made reform of the criminal procedure likely at that time, KUHAP remains in force to this day. This chapter explores the significance of KUHAP’s survival, the persistent influence of colonialism and authoritarianism on the criminal justice system, and contemporary factors that keep the prospects of KUHAP reform bleak
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Privacy in public spaces: The transformative potential of Navtej Johar V. Union of India
No full textOn 6 September 2018, the Supreme Court of India decriminalized the intimate lives of LGBTQ individuals in the country by reading down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. One of the most significant elements of the decision is its articulation of the right to privacy. The Court lays out an understanding of the private domain that has expanded significantly since the litigation process began almost two decades ago. This chapter will argue that the expansion of the private sphere performed by the Court is a transformative notion that is reflected in several different strands of the decision: whether it is by talking about how private acts might be performed in public spaces or reimagining the role of the Court in constitutional adjudication by way of enacting a public apology. This chapter further traces how this transformation may have happened, finding its paradoxical roots in the same Court’s prior decision upholding the constitutionality of Section 377. It explores how the public response to this decision set the stage for a jurisprudential reimagination of the public sphere that takes place in the final decision
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