131,056 research outputs found
Impact of severe infections on the outcome of major liver surgery: a pathophysiologic and clinical analysis.
No full textI.F.= 1.088
Although major progress has been achieved, particularly in the field of patient selection and postoperative intensive care, morbidity and mortality rates after major liver surgery are still significant. In fact, the mortality rate in major series reaches 30% of patients undergoing complex liver procedures, mostly related to postoperative septic events. Among these, although extra-abdominal infectious localizations are also frequently reported, intra-abdominal sepsis and abscess formation are probably the most frequent infective clinical presentations. The literature reports that the magnitude of the resection and duration of surgery are associated with a significantly higher postoperative morbidity and mortality rate. Severe postoperative infectious events cause a high proportion of this morbidity and in the presence of a septic evolution of the clinical picture the mortality rises dramatically. Such a tight association between severe infections and mortality after major hepatic surgery gives account to the fundamental role played by the liver in the metabolic homeostasis of the patient and also to the central hepatic function in the immune response to microorganisms of gastroenteric origin. After major liver surgery these central hepatic functions may by significantly impaired, thus leading to higher susceptibility to infections, in particular in the elderly. On these bases the improvement in prophylaxis protocols, in the early diagnosis and in the treatment of these postoperative infectious events can help optimize clinical results after major hepatic surgery
In Science and Knowledge We Trust: l’impatto della ricerca scientifica ai tempi del Covid-19
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Marketing, creatività e innovazione
No full textDopo aver sinteticamente analizzato il processo di creazione di valore nella prospettiva delle relazioni di mercato, e il ruolo centrale che la creatività e l’innovazione svolgono in tale processo, il saggio propone una sintetica rassegna dei principali approcci alla creatività finalizzati allo sviluppo di innovazioni, nonché delle tecniche e degli strumenti utili a supportarne l’applicazione in differenti contesti di analisi. Ciò al fine di evidenziare le peculiarità del lavoro di Goldenberg e Mazursky, che presentano una teoria ricca di interessanti implicazioni manageriali e di ricerca, di fondamentale rilevanza non solo nell’ambito del processo di sviluppo di nuovi prodotti, ma anche per la generazione di significative innovazioni nella comunicazione e in tutte quelle attività aziendali che richiedono un sostanziale sforzo creativo, focalizzato in modo specifico al raggiungimento di un obiettivo strategico chiave
To act or to react? The role of responsiveness in corporate social performance disclosure in preventing plastic pollution in the travel and tourism sector
No full textA corporate social performance model is dependent on strategies involving the processes of social responsiveness. From this perspective, this article observes that the voluntary disclosure of corporate social performances (CSP-D) is a proactive behavior based on "responsiveness" because it corresponds to the ability to reduce the gap between disclosed content and the perception of the content by stakeholders. The study examines the voluntary disclosure actions undertaken through social media by 60 T&T companies to communicate to their stakeholders how they contribute to reducing environmental negative externalities, plastic pollution in particular. Then, a co-word analysis is carried out, adopting social network maps to highlight and compare the cognitive paths that characterize disclosure and reaction. The findings suggest that when the cognitive pathways of stakeholders tend to converge towards the behavior disclosed by companies, their expectations are met and this enhances CSP-D effectiveness. Finally, social media are suitable for generating this alignment, reducing the legitimacy gap and building a good reputation
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
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Cell migration, chimerism, and graft acceptance: A new view of organ transplantation
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Na(+)-D-glucose cotransport by intestinal BBMVs of the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii.
No full textIntestinal nutrient absorption in fish adapted to low temperature was investigated by isolating, with a Mg2+-precipitation procedure, brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) from intestines of the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii. In particular, D-glucose transport was analyzed by measuring both 1) fluorescence changes of the electrical potential-sensitive dye 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide. [DiS-C-2(5)] and 2) intravesicular uptake of D-[C-14]glucose. Results demonstrated that transport of D-glucose across intestinal BBMs of the Antarctic fish is stimulated by the presence of a transmembrane Na+ gradient (out > in) and was specifically inhibited by phloridzin. Furthermore, Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake was strongly enhanced by the presence of an electrical potential (inside-negative) across the membrane. There was a marked difference in temperature dependence of Na+-sugar cotransport between the Antarctic fish and temperate fish, such as the European yellow eel. Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake in T. bernacchii intestinal BBMV reached its maximal rate at -2-0 degrees C (close to fish living temperature) and was exponentially inactivated by incubation at higher temperatures. Kinetic analysis of D-glucose influx indicated the presence of a single Na+-dependent carrier process (apparent maximal carrier-mediated influx = 0.233 +/- 0.009 nmol . mg protein(-1). min(-1); apparent half-saturation constant for carrier-mediated influx - 0.157 +/- 0.026 mmol/l) and a nonsaturable transfer component (apparent diffusional permeability of membrane to the sugar = 0.233 +/- 0.016 mu l . mg protein(-1). min(-1)). The Na+-dependent carrier-mediated mechanism was specific for sugars, since it ws partially inhibited by the presence in the extravesicular medium of other monosaccharides, but not by ascorbic acid or amino acids of different types. These data suggest that in the intestine of Antarctic fish luminal D-glucose transport takes place by a specific Na+-dependent electrogenic secondary active transport working well at subzero temperatures
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