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Fonti economiche e demografiche inedite per lo studio del territorio: Messina e le circoscrizioni parrocchiali nel Settecento
Full text linkI censimenti ordinati dalla Deputazione del Regno per conteggiare le anime e i beni presenti nell’Isola sono la fonte principale di questa ricerca, integrata da altri documenti reperiti tra i registri parrocchiali, all’Archivio di Stato di Messina, all’Archivio Arcivescovile e Archimandritale della stessa diocesi e all’Archivio Segreto Vaticano.
La tornata dei riveli presa in esame si riferisce agli anni 1748-1758, durante i quali furono registrati dagli incaricati governativi i nuclei familiari e le relative proprietà secondo una triplice casistica: laici, religiosi e nullatenenti. Escludendo l’ultimo gruppo, ci si è dedicati all’esame dei primi due. Ne è emersa una morfologia urbana scandita dalla suddivisione in parrocchie, strutture territoriali con precisi confini, dotate di funzioni importanti per il controllo della popolazione non solo a livello morale e religioso ma anche demografico e fiscale tramite i censimenti che sia i parroci sia l’amministrazione civile erano tenuti a redigere per motivi diversi.
Grazie alla registrazione delle notizie sui proprietari, sui beni stabili urbani e rusticani, sugli affittuari, fornite dai riveli, sono state individuate le dieci circoscrizioni parrocchiali che costituivano l’ossatura del territorio. Ad esse si aggiungeva una parrocchia ad personas, San Nicolò dei Greci, cui facevano riferimento tutti i praticanti del culto cattolico-orientale presenti in città.
Secondo la delimitazione settecentesca desunta dai riveli sono state predisposte schede sintetiche relative a tutti gli edifici pubblici, sacri e civili ubicati in ogni circoscrizione. I confini dei territori parrocchiali che sono stati delineati rimasero inalterati fino al 1783, anno in cui il terremoto produsse ingenti danni, distruggendo o rendendo inagibili le sedi di molte parrocchie. I rispettivi titoli furono, quasi sempre, trasferiti presso altre chiese a volte situate in zone diverse della città. Conseguentemente variarono i confini delle circoscrizioni parrocchiali. Ulteriori grandi cambiamenti si verificarono dopo il sisma del 1908.
Le analisi puntuali dei riveli hanno permesso di individuare, inoltre, diverse tipologie edilizie accompagnate dal valore economico espresso in onze.
Le zone extra moenia o limitrofe alle mura erano caratterizzate da semplici costruzioni, sovente ad un solo piano, realizzate con materiali modesti.
Spesso circondate da piccoli orti avevano un basso valore immobiliare, in genere non superiore alle cinquanta onze, ed erano abitate dal popolo.
Le aree interne alla cinta difensiva erano impreziosite, specialmente nelle zone contigue al fulcro di piazza duomo, da palazzi nobiliari eleganti e dotati di grandi spazi. Il capitale di queste abitazioni riservate esclusivamente al ceto agiato e alla classe dirigente superava sempre le duecento onze, con parecchi casi di vera eccellenza, che oltrepassavano le quattrocento onze. Si trattava di immobili pregevoli, rifiniti con cura dal punto di vista architettonico e ubicati prevalentemente o sulla marina, lungo il teatro marittimo, o nelle zone limitrofe al piano della Matrice ma anche nei pressi del Palazzo Reale, lungo la Magistra Ruga, e sulle strade Austria, Cardines, dei Porzi, dei Librai e intorno all’ Annunziata dei Teatini.
Grazie ai riveli è stata documentata la presenza di numerosi casini di campagna disseminati nei borghi. In alcuni esempi si trattava di vere e proprie ville di delizia, ampie, circondate da vasti appezzamenti di terreno con svariate colture, che hanno consentito di delineare il paesaggio agricolo dell’hinterland.
Anche all’interno della città, l’analisi dei beni censiti ha permesso di individuare molteplici botteghe dove si esercitavano vari mestieri. La numerazione di anime e beni ha altresì messo in luce la presenza di diversi fondaci, ubicati in zone strategiche della città, accompagnati a volte da posade, ossia ostelli per un’accoglienza più confortevole dei viaggiatori. Una spiccata tendenza dei ceti più facoltosi ad investire nel mercato immobiliare sia dentro che fuori le mura è segnalata dai riveli che documentano, senza ombra di dubbio, la concentrazione del patrimonio edilizio sia in città che in campagna nelle mani delle classi agiate.
Nel complesso l’esame puntuale di questa fonte documentale, ha consentito di tracciare un veritiero affresco della città e del suburbio a metà del Settecento e di consegnarci la memoria di una città cancellata da due catastrofici terremoti ( 1783 e 1908).The censuses demanded by the Deputation of Kingdom to count souls and properties on the Island are the main source of this research, integrated by other documents found in parishes’ Archives, in the State Archives of Messina, in the Archiepiscopal and Archimandrite Archives of the same diocese and in the Vatican Secret Archives. We’ll go through a round of “Riveli” concerning the years 1748-1758, during which, government officials recorded families and their properties, following three case studies: the laity, the religious and the poor. Excluding the last group for obvious reasons, we’ll go through the first two. This study shows the presence of urban morphology marked by division into parishes, local structures with clear boundaries, with important functions, through the figures of curates engaged in population control, not only for moral and religious aspects but also for demographic and fiscal audits, through censuses that both priests and civil administration had to write for different reasons.
The ten parish districts, that made up the structure of the territory, have been identified by recording news on the owners, on urban and rustic stable properties and on tenants, all provided by the “Riveli”. In addition to those, there was an “ad personas” parish, St. Nicholas of the Greeks, all practitioners of the Roman- Eastern Catholic worship in the city, referred to. Following the results of the eighteenth century’s documents, gathered from “riveli”, summary files have been prepared, for all the public, sacred and civil buildings, located in each district. The boundaries of the parish territories which have been outlined, remained unchanged until 1783, when the earthquake produced extensive damages, destroying or making uninhabitable many parishes. The respective titles were almost always transferred to other churches, sometimes located in different areas of the city. Therefore, the boundaries of the parish territories changed. Further big changes occurred after the earthquake of 1908. Accurate analysis of “riveli” allowed to identify different types of buildings accompanied by economic value, expressed in ounces. The areas adjacent to walls or extra moenia were characterized by simple constructions, often on one floor, made of modest materials. Often surrounded by small gardens, these simple houses had a low value, usually not more than fifty ounces and were inhabited by the poor people. The zones inside the defensive walls were embellished, especially in areas adjacent to the Piazza Duomo, by elegant palaces with large spaces. The value of these dwellings, intended solely for the wealthy class and the ruling class, always exceeded the two hundred ounces, with several cases of true excellence, which exceeded four hundred ounces. These houses were valuable property, finished with care by the architectural point of view and mainly located on the marina or along the maritime theater, or in areas adjacent to the plane of the “Matrice”, but also near the Royal Palace, along the Ruga Magistra, and in the streets Austria, Cardines, dei Porzi, dei Librai and around the SS. Annunziata of Theatines.
Through the “Riveli”, it has been documented that there were several cottages scattered throughout the countryside villages. In some cases, there were real spacious, enchanting villas, surrounded by vast areas of land with different crops, which have helped to shape the hinterland agricultural landscape Even within the city, the analysis of properties allowed the identification of many artisanal shops where they practiced various trades. The census of souls and properties has also revealed the presence of several stores located in strategic areas of the city, sometimes accompanied by Posadas, which were most comfortable hostels for travelers. A marked tendency of the more wealthy to invest in real estate inside and outside the walls, indicated by the “riveli”, shows that, without a doubt, the concentration of buildings in the city and countryside was in the hands of leisured classes. Overall, the detailed examination of these documents, has allowed to draw a true fresco of the city and its suburbs in the mid eighteenth century and to deliver the memory of a city destroyed by two catastrophic earthquakes (1783 and 1908)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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