1,720,952 research outputs found
Intelligent Design Objects (IDO): A cognitive approach for performance-based design
No full textDesign is complex. This is because it involves conflicting goals that are often vague. Also, prior to the design it is generally not clear how important goals are relative to each other. And finally the amount of possible solutions is large in general. These bottlenecks are addressed in this thesis. A novel approach for design is proposed, where computation is used to reach most suitable solutions. The approach is based on a novel concept of the objects forming a design. This concept is termed intelligent design objects. Such objects exhibit intelligent behavior in the sense that they approach most desirable solutions for conflicting, vague goals put forward by a designer. That is, the objects know ‘themselves’ what to do to satisfy a designer’s goals. This is accomplished using methods from the domain of computational intelligence, as these are uniquely able to deal with the complexity of design mentioned above. The result from the approach is that designers and decision makers have great certainty about the satisfaction of their goals and are able to concentrate on second order aspects they were not aware of prior to the execution. The approach is implemented for two applications from the domain of architecture demonstrating its effectiveness. The thesis addresses to students, researchers and executives in the field of architecture, and other areas of design. It may be also interesting for researchers in the domain of computational intelligence, as it provides a formalism of intelligent design, and it exemplifies the use of these modern technologies in the design domain. Due to its generic nature, this formalism may have some significance in the development of the science of design.Building TechnologyArchitectur
A Fuzzy Neural Tree for Possibilistic Reliability
No full textAn innovative neural fuzzy system is considered for possibilistic reliability using a neural tree structure with nodes of neuronal type. The total tree structure works effectively as a fuzzy logic system where the possibility theory plays important role with Gaussian possibility distribution at the nodes. The structure of the tree is determined by domain knowledge and each node represents a component of the system of concern. The reliabilities of the nodes are dependent on the reliabilities of the preceding nodes. The relationships among the nodes form the core of possibilistic reliability. For each input reliability composition the status of the system is known and interpreted not only at the system output but also at the granulated level at the system sub-domains which are represented by node outputs. The research is described in detail and a demonstrative computer experiment is reported.Architecture and The Built Environmen
RBF networks with mixed radial basis functions
No full textAfter the introduction to neural network technology as multivariable function approximation, radial basis function (RBF) networks have been studied in many different aspects in recent years. From the theoretical viewpoint, approximation and uniqueness of the interpolation is studied and it has been established that RBF network can approximate arbitrarily well any multivariate continuous function provided enough radial basis functions are employed. For the number of hidden nodes, type of radial base functions, width of the basis functions, cluster centres of the basis functions are some example issues on which numerous research works appeared in the literature. In contrast with this, however, there is remarkably only a few papers pointing out the functional approximation from the frequency domain view-point. They identify that basis functions basically behave as low pass filters. Due to this over filtering effect the RBF networks are not favourable for high frequencies unless relatively high number of hidden nodes is used. Therefore, for approximations that have only low frequency components, RBF networks provide satisfactory results and this is presumably the case in many favourable RBF applications reported in literature and vice versa. However, considering the filtering characteristics of different radial basis functions, one can improve the performance of RBF networks with mixture of radial basis functions.Architectural Engineering +TechnologyArchitecture and The Built Environmen
A Fuzzy-Neural Tree Knowledge Model for the Assessment of Building’s Transformation
No full textOne building is more flexible in terms of use than the other and to determine how much a building ‘X’ is more flexible than a building ‘Y’ is a rather complex task. This research focuses on houses for the elderly in terms of future use, since the requirements have changed and many of the existing buildings do not meet new requirements. To asses a transformation of a building one needs to take many aspects into account such as: spatial transformation, technical transformation and their various sub-aspects. There are also different future use scenarios, defined by Netherlands Board for Healthcare Institutions, and one scenario is more suitable for a building than another. Firstly, in order to deal with this complex topic there is a need for a systematic approach where all relevant aspects determining a transformation value of a building will be defined. Thereafter, fuzzy-neural tree structure is used as a suitable method for knowledge representation and knowledge modeling.Architecture and The Built Environmen
Multiobjective Optimization for Cognitive Design
No full textAn innovative neural fuzzy system is considered for cognitive design using a neural tree structure with nodes of neuronal type, where Gaussian function plays the role of membership function. The total tree structure effectively works as a fuzzy logic system. The structure of the tree is determined by domain knowledge and each node represents an entity of the domain of concern. The states of these entities are dependent on the stimuli at the input and the relationships between the stimuli and the states form the core for cognitive design. Namely, for each stimulus the status of the system is known and interpreted not only at the output but also at the granulated level concerning the system sub-domains. The research is described in detail and demonstrative applications are reported.Architecture and The Built Environmen
The analytical hierarchy process applied for design analysis
No full textBeing an intelligent activity, design is a complex process to accomplish. The complexity stems from the elusive character of this activity, which cannot be explained in precise terms, in general. In a design process, the determined relationships among the design elements provide important information to understand the role of each element with respect to others thereby improving the design. For this aim the method of analytical hierarch process (AHP) is employed which provides hierarchical priorities of the design elements with respect to the parsed design goal. The priority information is extended to establish hierarchical relations among the elements as a novel approach to employ in architectural design process.Architecture and The Built Environmen
Real-time measurement of perceptual qualities in conceptual design
No full textImplications of design decisions are hard to oversee for designers. This is the case in particular with respect to decisions, which influence perception related qualities of designs. Such qualities are for example visual openness, visual privacy, and spatial intimacy. They are difficult to measure because of their subjective and soft nature. Measurements of such qualities are important because they are basis for user-oriented, optimal decisions in architectural and interior design. Existing attempts in the architecture domain to assess such qualities systematically are not based on models of visual space perception. Their ability to assess perception aspects of designs is limited. In this paper a novel real-time measurement system for design is presented, which is based on a computational model of visual space perception. This perception model consists of a vision model and a space cognition model. The vision model is based on retrieval of spatial depth data in scattered form. This process is termed random direction distance sampling (RDDS). The space cognition model consists of sample-wise mapping of depth data to perception data, which is space cognition, and exponential averaging, which is a time-series analysis method, for integration of the perception data to perception information, which is the measurement outcome.Architectural Engineering +TechnologyArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
