1,721,001 research outputs found
Multianalytical characterization study of degradation products from synthetic materials used in contemporary art
No full textDuring 19th and 20th centuries, the industrial revolution and synthetic chemistry development provided artists new materials, characterized by different properties in comparison to traditional art’s materials: in fact, synthetic organic pigments present vibrant shades and they are less expensive and easier to use than ancient ones, while synthetic polymeric art binders are characterized by shorter drying-time and .
However, because their recent origin and industrial nature, it is not possible to know their behavior in a pictorial film during natural ageing and it is hard to predict their stability in exposition environment, that is a combination of several factors –UV and visible light components, temperature, Relative Humidity.
This study –part of a PhD project- is focused on chemical characterization of degradation products from synthetic organic pigments and polymeric binders used in contemporary paintings: degradation process is realized through artificial ageing in photochemical stress conditions (UVB lamp with high Lux level) and monitoring environmental parameters ( temperature, Relative Humidity).
The characterization of degradations products is studied through some spectroscopic techniques commonly used in cultural heritage studies: particularly, ATR-IR and Raman spectroscopies can provide important information on variations of chemical bonds during accelerated ageing. These spectra can also represent a direct reference for cultural heritage diagnostics on contemporary artworks. To confirm spectroscopic measurements, other techniques are used, as UV-Vis spectroscopy, NMR and Mass Spectrometry: combinations of all these techniques can provide a complete structural characterization of painting degradation products and it can result useful to understand ageing processes than involve a pictorial film in contemporary artworks
The deposition by Raffaello Sanzio. New analytical insights on old cross sections for the characterisation of pictorial palette
Full text linkIn 2020, 500th anniversary of Raffaello Sanzio death, his Deposition (1507),-the altarpiece known also as the Pala Baglioni, , today located at the Borghese Gallery in Rome-has been subjected to conservative revision and preventive conservation project. This included in-depth diagnostic campaigns through most modern non-invasive techniques, together with the analysis of old cross sections from the same Pala. These latters, prepared between 1966 and 1972, preserved in ICR laboratory of chemistry and testing materials archive, have been used to deepen the knowledge of Raffaello painting techniques. The use of such cross sections was fundamental to verify the original pictorial film and restoration re-paintings before the conservation intervention in the same years. In this paper, the results of analytical insights on Raffaello pictorial palette are presented. The information is obtained by the analysis of the old ICR stratigraphic sections, through the use of Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and micro- Raman (632.8 nm), while Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) analysis through colloidal paste has been tested for the identification of organic lake-pigments present in low concentration and for the successful recognition of copper resinate, whose SERS spectrum is here reported for the first time, according to our knowledge. This combined diagnostic approach has made it possible to recognize the pigments employed in the different pictorial layers, such species in traces and those from organic materials, responding to open questions arising previous noninvasive analyses and highlighting further aspects of the illustrious master refined painting technique
Stability study of synthetic organic pigments and dyes used in contemporary paintings
No full textIn this study we monitor and characterize the degradation products of some selected organic pigments, used in artistic field. Starting from the preparation of standard samples of pictorial films, combining the pigments with organic binders used in contemporary art (oil, acrylic, etc.), we monitor their accelerated aging process, using UVA and UVB lamps, in specific RH and temperature conditions. This process causes the formation of degradation products, which would be characterized with mass spectrometry and NMR techniques. The identification of their structures could result useful to understand principal reactions involved in pictorial film alteration and to identify optimal conditions for conservation of contemporary artworks
Spectroscopic study on accelerated ageing of materials used in contemporary art
No full textPictorial films in contemporary art represent a material matrix that can be really complex: for their works contemporary artists use fairly new material –from XIX and XX centuries- that derive from industrial productions and whose conservation characteristics are unknown. Artists often combine pigments and binders with other materials that do not belong to traditional chemical classes used in artistic field. In addiction, contemporary art can be subjected to less monitored or more aggressive environmental conditions, for example like in street art.
The aim of this study, part of a PhD project, is the characterization of pictorial films in synthetic organic pigments and acrylic binder in terms of stability and degradation products through accelerated ageing. For this reason, different accelerated ageing processes are used to consider influence of multiple factors – UV radiation, solar light, thermic stress- in monitoring of temperature and Relative Humidity.
The characterization of ageing is based on several spectroscopic techniques
Revealing the unknown: how multi-technical approach can be crucial in identification of dyes and protein in archeological remains
No full textThe analysis of archaeological textiles is a challenging undertaking, because of the high information content that characterizes these precious remains. Their realization, from the point of view of the dyes and yarns used, can have multiple meanings, for example the wealth of the commissioner and reflect the cultural taste of the society. The raw materials also can reveal the commercial routes, this may not be evident from literary sources and become clear from the archaeometric study of these artifacts. However, the alteration processes to which these materials have been subjected to, such as thermal aging and carbonization, mineralization, etc., represent an extremely critical point for their study and conservation, because these chemical processes are not entirely known and could bring to a complete modification. For these reasons, the identification of their composition requires high sensitivity techniques, characterized also by great versatility. Recently, multi-technical approaches, based on spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, have been revealed as powerful strategies in providing information about chemical composition of archaeological relics; they have been employed for characterization of dyes and moreover proteomics and genomics. In this chapter a review of the state of the art of FTIR, Raman and mass spectrometry analyses applied to archaeological fabrics will be provided, also reporting several case studies to highlight the potential of these multi-technical analyse
Street art graffiti. Discovering their composition and alteration by FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy
No full textPaints used in street art are modern materials subjected to degradation processes, which are very complex and difficult to predict without taking into account of several factors. This study investigates three outdoor murals in Lazio, – namely “graffiti”, a word now used to indicate a spontaneous street art tendency consisting in images and writings realized by spray paints in public spaces to provoke passersby -with the aim to discover materials application techniques and chemical composition and figure out whether alteration phenomena occurred.
Twenty-two samples were collected, and their stratigraphy was studied by optical microscopy. Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify binders and their degradation products in paints and preparatory layers, while for characterization of organic pigments used in all different stratigraphy layers of samples micro-Raman spectroscopy analyses was carried out. Furthermore, micro-Raman spectroscopy allowed to study an unusual patina formed on the surface of a pink paint.
This information is useful for artists as well as for conservators, who must face numerous issues related to the preservation of this modern and labile kind of artistic expression, very fashionable nowadays but often created without care for materials duration. Conservation issues were also deepened by interviews with several contemporary mural authors.
Artists underlined how contemporary murals are a very heterogeneous means of expression. Different cultural tendencies coexisting result in different attitude towards conservation
UV light and contemporary art. Spectroscopic study in accelerated ageing of artists' materials
No full textThe aim of this work is to study the stability of artists’ materials through accelerated ageing with UV
radiation lamp, in order to cause formation of degradation products that could be found in real artwork
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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