1,720,961 research outputs found
NESSUNO SI SALVA DA SOLO: IDENTIFICAZIONE NAZIONALE ED EUROPEA COME PREDITTORI DELLE ASPETTATIVE PER IL FUTURO E DEL BISOGNO DI UN LEADER FORTE DURANTE L'EMERGENZA COVID-19
No full textStudi condotti nell’ambito della SIT mostrano che l’identificazione con i gruppi di appartenenza, soprattutto in situazioni di emergenza, porta gli individui a comportarsi in modo altruistico, a perseguire il bene comune, oltre ad aumentare la fiducia verso gli altri membri e i leader. Al contrario, i sentimenti di insicurezza rappresentano un terreno fertile per il desiderio di leader forti e per il proliferare di teorie del complotto.
Presentiamo due studi che hanno verificato se l’identità sociale a diversi livelli di inclusività (i.e., identificazione con l’Italia e con l'Unione Europea) svolga un ruolo positivo nell’affrontare la pandemia da COVID-19. In particolare, ci aspettiamo che alti livelli di identificazione sociale portino ad aspettative positive per il futuro e a una minore necessità di un leader forte, che invece dovrebbe essere positivamente associata alla fiducia nelle teorie del complotto.
I dati sono stati raccolti attraverso un questionario online durante il picco dell'epidemia (aprile 2020; Studio 1; N=846) e la cosiddetta Fase 2 (giugno 2020; Studio 2, N=363). Oltre alle scale di identificazione (nazionale ed europea), di fiducia verso le istituzioni, di aspettative verso il futuro (Studio 1), di necessità di un leader forte e di supporto alle teorie del complotto (Studio 2), è stato considerato il ruolo dell'orientamento politico e dell'esperienza personale con il Coronavirus.
I risultati del SEM mostrano un'associazione positiva tra identificazioni e aspettative per il futuro, mediata dalla fiducia nelle istituzioni (Studio 1). L'identificazione europea porta ad una minor necessità di un leader forte, che a sua volta è positivamente correlata alla tendenza a credere alle teorie del complotto (Studio 2).
In conclusione, i processi di identificazione sociale, soprattutto con l’Europa, possono aiutare le persone ad affrontare la pandemia. Promuovere un'identità europea potrebbe rappresentare uno strumento utile per aiutare le persone a fronteggiare la crisi presente e persino futura
Behind the Lines of #MeToo: Exploring Women’s and Men’s Intentions to Join the Movement
Full text linkCampaigns supporting victims of gender harassment and abuse, such as #MeToo, have made and still make significant contributions to achieving the fifth UN Sustainable Development Goal aimed at eliminating “all forms of violence against all women”. In two correlational studies, we examined possible antecedents of people’s willingness to participate in the #MeToo campaign by focusing on the role of ambivalent beliefs toward women and men and the perceived effects of the movement. Men (Study 1) and women (Study 2) were asked to answer questions concerning hostile and benevolent beliefs about women and men, respectively, their perception of the beneficial and detrimental effects of #MeToo, and their intentions to participate in the campaign. Study 1 showed that men’s hostile sexism toward women was associated with fewer intentions to actively support the #MeToo campaign and that the reduced beliefs that the movement had beneficial effects mediated this relation. Study 2 revealed that women’s stronger benevolent beliefs about men were associated with decreased perception that the #MeToo campaign had a beneficial impact. In turn, such a perception was related to lower intentions to participate in supporting the campaign. Moreover, women’s hostility toward men explained the intention to join the #MeToo movement through the mediation of the perception that the campaign was beneficial. The findings suggest that to foster participation in a feminist movement that promotes women’s rights, it is necessary to eradicate traditional gender roles and the related ideologies that legitimate men’s dominant position in society
Do we need a strong captain to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic? Social identification, conspiracy theory beliefs, and the wish for a strong leader
Full text linkNo one is saved alone: National and European identification as predictors of positive future expectations and lower need for a strong leader during COVID-19 pandemic
No full textPurpose: The research examined whether group identities at different levels of inclusiveness – i.e., identifications with one’s country and the European Union – are related to responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We expected that stronger identifications would lead to positive future expectations and lower need for a strong leader, which should instead be positively associated to belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories.
Background: According to the social identity approach, identifying with the groups to which one belongs brings a number of benefits for individuals and increases mutual trust. Conversely, feelings of insecurity might be a breeding ground for beliefs in conspiracy theories and result in a wish for strong authorities.
Methods: Data were collected online during the peak of the Italian Coronavirus outbreak (April 2020; Study 1; N = 846) and the so-called Phase 2 (June 2020; Study 2, N = 363). The role of demographics, political orientation and personal experience with the Coronavirus were considered.
Results. Results of SEM showed a positive association between identifications and expectations for the future, mediated by trust in institutions (Study 1). European identification predicted lower need for strong leader, which was positively related to belief in conspiracy theories (Study 2).
Conclusions. This research highlights how social identification processes – especially identification with the EU – can help individuals deal with the pandemic. Clearly promoting a sense of interdependence and a European identity might represent an advisable endeavour in helping people cope with the present and even future crisis
SO FAR, SO CLOSE: IDENTIFICATION WITH PROXIMAL AND DISTAL GROUPS AS PROMOTORS OF VACCINATION, CONTAINMENT MEASURES AND PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIORS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
No full textA robust body of research highlighted the fundamental role of social identification in dealing with emergencies and in predicting commitment in cooperative behavior. We report the results of a research carried out during April and June 2020 to verify whether the subjective sense of belonging to meaningful groups affected the way people were able to cope with the pandemic crisis. Our findings showed that different identifications (with family, friends, Italy, Europe, humanity) represent a benefit for the collectiveness by leading people to increase their intention of being vaccinated, to adhere to containment measures (keeping physical distancing, rubbing hands with alcohol-based sanitizers, wearing face mask), and to be involved in prosocial actions (helping the elderly in needs). Moreover, social identifications promote individuals’ psychological well-being by reducing their negative emotions and the perception of the negative impact of the pandemic on their lives. The implication of different types of identification (proximal vs distant) on the intention to get vaccinated, to accept containment measures and to help others will be discussed
Exploring the Relationships Between Body Image, Sexual Well-Being, and Community Connectedness among Gay, Bisexual and Queer+ Men
Full text linkSexual minority (SM) men are more likely than heterosexual men to experience body dissatisfaction due to prevailing body ideals (e.g. lean and muscular) within the SM community. Negative body image can have harmful effects on well-being, and, by extension, sexual well-being. The current study aimed to investigate whether SM men's minority identification and LGBTQ+ community connectedness moderates the relationship between drives for muscularity and sexual anxiety. To address this aim, 298 Australian-residing SM men completed an online survey that examined drive for muscularity, sexual anxiety, and connectedness or identification with the LGBTQ+ and SM-specific communities. As hypothesized, the results showed a positive relationship between drive for muscularity and sexual anxiety. Additionally, LGBTQ+ community connectedness, but importantly not SM identification, was found to moderate this relationship, showing a positive association only when connection was at low or average levels. These results highlight the beneficial effects that LGBTQ+ community connection can have for SM men, such as protecting them against the harmful impacts of poor body image on sexual well-being. These results also provide preliminary insights into the need to expand the understandings of bodily diversity, and diversity of sexual well-being experiences, among SM men less connected to the broader LGBTQ+ community
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Endorsing Precarious Manhood Beliefs Is Associated With Sexual Harassment Myths Acceptance in Italian Men and Women
Full text linkThe present study aimed to expand the understanding of the correlates of sexual harassment myths, a set of beliefs that serve to justify male perpetrators. Data collected among Italian adults (N = 407; 59.5% women) showed that individual levels of precarious manhood beliefs-according to which manhood is a social status that must be proven via public action-were related to greater sexual harassment myths acceptance in male and female respondents. Such associations were mediated by hostile sexism and benevolence toward men. Findings suggest that interventions to reduce tolerance of sexual harassment of women should target cultural views of manhood and counteract rigid models of masculinity and femininity
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