1,720,976 research outputs found
Methods Of Using Transformed Plants Expressing Plant-Derived Acyl-Coenzyme-A-Binding Proteins In Phytoremediation
Get PDFMethods Of Using Genetically-Transformed Plants In The Phytoremediation Of Lead Are Described. Unlike Many Organisms In Which Only 10-Kda Acbps Have Been Identified, There Exists A Family Of Six Acbps In The Model Plant Arabidopsis. Other Than A Function In Mediating The Transfer Of Acyl-Coa Esters In Plant Lipid Metabolism, All Six Arabidopsis Acbps Can Bind The Heavy Metal Lead And Are Therefore Applicable For Phytoremediation. These Methods Of Phytoremediation Will Provide A Cheap, Simple And Efficient Method In The Removal Of Contaminating Lead From Soil/Water/Environment By The Growth Of The Acbp-Overexpressing Genetically-Transformed Plants In The Contaminated Environment. There Is Also Provided A Method To Remove Lead From Contaminated Water.published_or_final_versio
GENETICALLY MODIFIED PLANTS WITH HETEROGENEOUS PROTEINASE INHIBITOR SAPIN2A AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF FOR THE INHIBITION OF ENDOGENOUS TRYPSIN-AND CHYMOTRYPSIN-LIKE ACTIVITIES
Get PDFThe present invention relates to a proteinase inhibitor II cDNA, SaPIN2 a from Solanum americanum, and its encoded protein product or a fragment thereof. The present invention also relates to genetically modified plants, and in particular genetically modified lettuce. The genetically modified plants have an inhibited endogeno us protease activity, such as inhibited trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activities following transformation of the plant with a vector comprising a proteinase inhibitor II cDNA, SaPIN2a, using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The invention further relates to a recombinant vector that transforms lettuce so as to confer upon the lettuce inhibited endogenous trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activities. The vector compris es a proteinase inhibitor II cDNA, SaPIN2a with a CaMV 35S promoter.; The inventio n further relates to a method of producing a plant with inhibited endogenous trypsin- like and chymotrypsin-like activities by expressing a proteinase inhibitor II cDNA. T he invention also relates to methods of enhanced resistance of plants to pests or pathogens, including insects. In specific embodiments, the transgenic plants have enhanced resistance to cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni). The invention further relates to a method of protection of heterogeneous protein production in transgenic plants.published_or_final_versio
Genetically Modified Plants Expressing Proteinase Inhibitors, Sapin2a Or Sapin2b, And Methods Of Use Thereof For The Inhibition Of Trypsin- And Chymotrypsin-Like Activities
Get PDFThe Present Invention Relates To Proteinase Inhibitor Ii Genes, Sapin2a And Sapin2b, Their Production In Transformed Plants, And Isolation Of Sapin2a And Sapin2b Proteins From Transformed Plants Of The Invention. The Invention Further Relates To Use In Inhibiting Endogenous Protease Activities In Transformed Plants. In Specific Embodiments, The Protease Activities Are Trypsin-Like And Chymotrypsin-Like Activities. The Invention Relates To A Method For Protection Of Heterologous Protein Production In Transformed Plants By The Co-Expression Of A Proteinase Inhibitor Gene, E.G. Sapin2a Or Sapin2b, Which Encodes A Proteinase Inhibitor Protein, Or A Biologically Active Fragment, Analog, And Variant Thereof, That Inhibits Protease Activities. Specifically, The Present Invention Also Provides Methods Of Inhibiting Programmed Cell Death, Including Senescence, In Plants.; The Invention Further Relates To Methods To Enhance Resistance Of Plants To Pests Or Pathogens, Including Insects. The Present Invention Also Relates To Genetically Modified Plants, And In Particular Genetically Modified Lettuce. The Genetically Modified Plants Have Inhibited Endogenous Trypsin-Like And Chymotrypsin-Like Activities Following Transformation Of The Plant With A Vector Comprising One Or More Proteinase Inhibitor Ii Gene, Such As Sapin2a And/Or Sapin2b. The Invention Further Relates To Transformed Plants Having Enhanced Resistance To Insects. The Invention Further Relates To Transformed Plants In Which Pcd Or Senescense Is Inhibited By Transformation Of Plants Using Vectors Of The Present Invention.published_or_final_versio
Methods Using Acyl-Coenzyme A-Binding Proteins to Enchance Drought Tolerance in Genetically Modified Plants
Get PDFACBP2 can be used to enhance drought tolerance in genetically modified plants. ACBP2 was observed to be expressed in guard cells, and ACBP2-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis were conferred enhanced drought tolerance. Vectors/expression cassettes for conferring drought tolerance to plants/plant material are provided. Methods of using ACBP2 to enhance drought tolerance of plants are provided. Plants and plant material with improved drought tolerance are also provided. Methods for screening for genes with ACBP2-like activity are also provided.published_or_final_versio
Mechanistic effects of lipid binding pockets within soluble signaling proteins: lessons from acyl-CoA-binding and START-domain-containing proteins
Get PDFWhile lipids serve as important energy reserves, metabolites, and cellular constituents in all forms of life, these macromolecules also function as unique carriers of information in plant communication given their diverse chemical structures. The signal transduction process involves a sophisticated interplay between messengers, receptors, signal transducers, and downstream effectors. Over the years, an array of plant signaling proteins have been identified for their crucial roles in perceiving lipid signals. However, the mechanistic effects of lipid binding on protein functions remain largely elusive. Recent literature has presented numerous fascinating models that illustrate the significance of protein–lipid interactions in mediating signaling responses. This review focuses on the category of lipophilic signaling proteins that encompass a hydrophobic binding pocket located outside of cellular membranes and provides an update on the lessons learned from two of these structures, namely the acyl-CoA–binding and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer domains. It begins with a brief overview of the latest advances in understanding the functions of the two protein families in plant communication. The second part highlights five functional mechanisms of lipid ligands in concert with their target signaling proteins.published_or_final_versio
Plant Class III acyl-CoA binding proteins can protect against necrotrophs: A review
No full textAcyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) play important roles in stress and development. Four classes designated I to IV coexist in the representative dicot, Arabidopsis, as well as the monocot, rice. Recombinant ACBPs have been demonstrated to bind lipids such as acyl-CoA esters. Arabidopsis acbp mutants display changes in lipid composition and stress susceptibility. The aim of this review is to consolidate the role of ACBPs in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens. An overview of the experimental evidence and molecular mechanisms that support their role in plant defense is presented. Specifically, Arabidopsis Classes I, III and IV ACBPs protect against necrotrophs based on evidence using mutants (acbp6, acbp3, and acbp4, respectively) which were compromised after infection by the necrotroph, Botrytis cinerea. Also, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the rice Class III OsACBP5 were conferred broad spectrum pathogen resistance inclusive of fungal necrotrophs, Rhizoctonia solani, B. cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. This review also illustrates that transgenic rice harboring OsACBP5 is protected against infection from necrotrophs such as R. solani and Cercospora oryzae, representing a promising strategy to sustain food security because rice is a global crop that feeds more than half of the world population. Our current understanding indicates that enhanced resistance of OsACBP5-overexpressors is jasmonate (JA)-dependent because progeny from a cross between a JA-signaling deficient rice mutant and an OsACBP5-overexpressor line showed greater susceptibility to R. solani infection than the wild type. Consistently, in transgenic rice expressing a construct of the OsACBP5 5′-flanking region fused to the gene encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS), GUS activity was upregulated upon methyl JA, salicylic acid or R. solani treatment. This review provides an overview and future perspectives on the potential of Class III ACBPs, particularly OsACBP5, for applications in protection against necrotrophs</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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