1,721,023 research outputs found

    Directly modulated CWDM/DWDM system using negative dispersion fiber for metro network application

    No full text
    We demonstrate the error-free transmission of directly modulated 2.5, 10, and 40-Gb/s coarse wavelength-division-multiplexing/dense wavelength-division-multiplexing signals over negative dispersion fiber (dispersion: -2.5 ps/km/nm @ 1550 nm) without dispersion compensation. The results indicate that the metro core/access network could be implemented cost-effectively by using the proposed negative dispersion fiber and directly modulated lasers. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

    Dendrite formation in the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8-Ag system: reactions between Ag and oxide melt

    No full text
    The reactions between Ag and oxide melt in the Bi2Sr2CaCU2O8-Ag system have been investigated. When an Ag sheath reacts with the oxide melt, two kinds of dendritic phases are formed near the Ag sheath. One dendrite with the composition of Ag0.98CU0.02 was large, 1-100 mum, and more or less spherical in overall shape. The other dendrite with the composition of approximately Ag0.24Cu0.76 was small, 0.1-1 Irm, and typically dendritic. The small dendrites formed always along the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 superconducting plates. When the sample was heat treated at 70 degreesC in air, the dendrite shape changed from smooth to faceted, and the color from white to yellowish red for the large dendrite and from white to dark green for the small one. These observations imply that the dendrites were metallic at high temperature but oxidized during the heat treatment at 70 degreesC. The formation of the two kinds of dendrites is attributed to the separation of the Bi melt into metallic and oxide liquids due to a miscibility gap. The formation of the Ag-Cu dendritic phases also seems to be responsible for the inhomogeneous microstructure, which is commonly observed between an Ag sheath and the central ceramic region, because the dendrite formation must cause inhomogeneous liquid composition in the sample. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

    Full text link
    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

    Full text link
    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
    corecore