131,091 research outputs found
Rencontre avec Emma Chubb
No full textEMMA CHUBB - 24 MARS 2017 Charlotte Feng Ford '83 Curator of Contemporary Art at the Smith College Museum of Art Emma Chubb échange autour des problématiques principales de son essai Differential Treatment: Migration in the Work of Yto Barrada and Bouchra Khalili, paru dans Journal of Arabic Litterature en 2015. L'auteur revient sur une approche comparée de la pratique des deux artistes contemporaines Yto Barrada et Bouchra Khalili, particulièrement autour de la notion développée par Chubb d..
Failing our children
No full textThe first part of the show illustrates the average day in the life of two New York City junior high school students; one attends a school in a middle class neighborhood, the other, a school in a very poor section. The second part of the show comprises a discussion between Jonathan Kozol and John Chubb on school vouchers, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson commenting on the 1992 Presidential candidates views on education.Host, Bill Moyers. Narrator, Carolie Jenkins. Discussion with: Jonathan Kozol, author of Savage inequalities, John Chubb, co-author of Politics, markets and American schools, Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dean of the Annenberg School of Communication.Episode from the television program: Listening to America with Bill Moyers, which first aired in 1992
Closed countries, open science
No full textAndrew Chubb, Diarmuid Cooney-O’Donoghue and Tommy Shih ask how global tensions are affecting research
A 2 h periodic variation in the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1
No full textSpectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1 using the Gran Telescopio Canarias have revealed a ?2 h periodic variability that is present in the three strongest emission lines. We tentatively interpret this variability as due to orbital motion, making it the first indication of the orbital period of Ser X-1. Together with the fact that the emission lines are remarkably narrow, but still resolved, we show that a main-sequence K dwarf together with a canonical 1.4 M? neutron star gives a good description of the system. In this scenario, the most likely place for the emission lines to arise is the accretion disc, instead of a localized region in the binary (such as the irradiated surface or the stream-impact point), and their narrowness is due instead to the low inclination (?10°) of Ser X-1
Characterization of silica content in gold mine dust with respect to particle size
No full textGlobally, silicosis is responsible for thousands of deaths each year and is a major public health concern in industries like mining. Silicosis is caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica, and while incidence of silicosis has declined in recent decades, its continued occurrence in young workers indicates that high crystalline silica exposures in the contemporary workforce persist despite monitoring efforts and regulatory enforcement.
Crystalline silica exposure is monitored in the mining industry via collection of respirable dust samples, from which both dust and crystalline silica concentrations are determined. Accurate quantification of crystalline silica is vital to assessing workers’ exposure, and to limiting exposure through selection of appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment. To quantify crystalline silica in a sample, one of two analytic methods is used: X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Previously, confounding effects of mineral composition and size distribution of dust were assumed to have only minor impact on the accuracy of both methods; however, as mining technologies evolve, so do the characteristics of the dust generated in mines, and such effects may no longer be negligible.
Evaluating the characteristics of mine dust with respect to particle size and crystalline silica content is imperative to understanding how crystalline silica analysis may be affected by these characteristics. To date, few studies have investigated particle size-related crystalline silica content in occupational dusts, and while some efforts have been made to characterize coal mine dusts, there has been no such effort to characterize metal/non-metal mine dusts. This study undertakes detailed characterization of dusts from three gold mine operations, via analysis of size distribution using particle sizers and a cascade impactor; crystalline silica content by infrared and X-ray diffraction methods; and single-particle composition via scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that the size distribution of crystalline silica within a particular dust is not equivalent to the dust’s size distribution; the abundance of crystalline silica in a dust varies with particle size; the two methods of quantifying crystalline silica yield variable results depending on particle size; and, like crystalline silica, particle types of different elemental composition vary in abundance with respect to particle size
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
CanVar: A resource for sharing germline variation in cancer patients.
No full textThe advent of high-throughput sequencing has accelerated our ability to discover genes predisposing to disease and is transforming clinical genomic sequencing. In both contexts knowledge of the spectrum and frequency of genetic variation in the general population and in disease cohorts is vital to the interpretation of sequencing data. While population level data is becoming increasingly available from publicly accessible sources, as exemplified by The Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC), the availability of large-scale disease-specific frequency information is limited. These data are of particular importance to contextualise findings from clinical mutation screens and small gene discovery projects. This is especially true for cancer, which is typified by a number of hereditary predisposition syndromes. Although mutation frequencies in tumours are available from resources such as Cosmic and The Cancer Genome Atlas, a similar facility for germline variation is lacking. Here we present the Cancer Variation Resource (CanVar) an online database which has been developed using the ExAC framework to provide open access to germline variant frequency data from the sequenced exomes of cancer patients. In its first release, CanVar catalogues the exomes of 1,006 familial early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) patients sequenced at The Institute of Cancer Research. It is anticipated that CanVar will host data for additional cancers, providing a resource for others studying cancer predisposition and an example of how the research community can utilise the ExAC framework to share sequencing data
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