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Hong Kong: workfare in the world's freest economy
No full textWorkfare was introduced in many countries to suppress welfare dependency and reduce social security expenditures. However, workfare was launched in Hong Kong when there was only a relatively small social security budget and its citizens still strongly adhered to the ideologies of self-reliance. It was found that workfare has performed several functions in Hong Kong. Firstly, it has forced unemployed claimants to give up benefits so that Hong Kong's social security expenditures can be saved. Secondly, workfare had combined with Hong Kong's semi-democratic polity so that extremely stigmatising welfare measures were implemented. Thirdly, it has pushed poor citizens to the labour market without having any protection over wages and working hours. Thus, the combination of workfare and a semi-democratic polity has successfully suppressed Hong Kong's welfare demands and strengthened its self-help spirit. As a result, Hong Kong's minimal social security scheme and its low tax policy have been maintained
Sequence Characterization of γ-Crystallins from Lip Shark (Chiloscyllium colax): Existence of Two cDNAs Encoding γ-Crystallins of Mammalian and Teleostean Classes
No full textCharacterization of γS-Crystallin Isoforms from Lip Shark (Chiloscyllium colax): Evolutionary Comparison between γS and β/γ Crystallins
No full textRacial Equality and the Law: Creating an Effective Statute and Enforcement Model for Hong Kong
Get PDFThe Hong Kong government has commenced a public consultation exercise on a bill to prohibit racial discrimination, which is expected to be introduced in the Legislative Council in early 2005. The government has proposed to model the bill on the existing Sex Discrimination Ordinance (SDO) and the Disability Discrimination Ordinance (DDO). While there are advantages to adopting a familiar format, the author argues that the SDO and DDO can be improved upon, in particular, that a more flexible definition of indirect discrimination should be adopted and that special provisions be drafted to address discrimination against new immigrants from mainland China. The author takes the view that this is an opportune time to strengthen the enforcement model for all of Hong Kong's anti-discrimination laws. The author proposes that officers at the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) be empowered to take a more proactive approach and that a specialist equal opportunities tribunal should be established outside the auspices of the EOC.published_or_final_versio
The Failure of the Hong Kong Court of Appeal to Recognise and Remedy Disability Discrimination
Get PDFThis article critiques the recent decision of the Hong Kong Court of Appeal in Ma Bik Yung v Ko Chuen, the first case to be tried under Hong Kong's Disability Discrimination Ordinance. The Court of Appeal upheld the District Court's finding of disability harassment but granted the appeal from the finding of disability discrimination. The author argues that the Court erred, by introducing a hypothetical factual scenario that was inconsistent with the District Court's findings of fact and by failing to apply s3 of the Ordinance. The article also criticises the Court's holding that an 'unwilling' apology is outside the scope of remedies allowed by the Ordinance. In fact, similar statutory language is regularly used in Australia as the basis for orders to apologise. The author concludes by considering the potential conflict between the right to free expression and court-ordered apologies and suggests two possible approaches to the issue.published_or_final_versio
Mosses new to Hong Kong (1)
No full textTen moss species - Garkea flexuosa (Griffith) Marg. & Nork., Campylopus laxitextus Lac., Fissidens dubius P. Beauv., Fissidens ceylonensis Dozy & Molk, Fissidens maceratus Mitt., Philonotis thwaitesii Mitt., Isopterygium minutirameum (C. Muell.)Jaeg., Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) B.S.G., Pogonatum neesii (C. Muell.) Dozyand Polytrichum formosum Hedw. are reported new to Hong Kong. Among them, five are new to Guangdong Province of China
Wo dang liao shi si nian sheng wei shu ji, shi ba sui can jia ge ming
No full text《红色造反者》战报打陶漫画小组创作."67.1.4"题名及丛书由编目者拟定."Hong se zao fan zhe" zhan bao da Tao man hua xiao zu chuang zuo.Ti ming ji cong shu you bian mu zhe ni ding
Supplemental Material - Tidal volume expandability affected by flow, dynamic hyperinflation, and quasi-fixed inspiratory time in patients with COPD and healthy individuals
No full textSupplemental Material for Tidal volume expandability affected by flow, dynamic hyperinflation, and quasi-fixed inspiratory time in patients with COPD and healthy individuals by Ming-Lung Chuang in Chronic Respiratory Disease</p
Entretien sur le mouvement messianique Chuang
No full textInterview about the Chuang messianic movement.Questions to Cha Khoun (from Nam Mô). Hong Kha, Vientiane, 08-09-1970Entretien sur le mouvement messianique Chuang. Questions posées à Cha Khoun (de Nam Mô). Fait à Hong Kha, Vientiane, le 8-09-197
A Study on the Formation of the Chuang 壮 Tenantry under Chinese Landlords during the Ming-Ch‘ing Period
Get PDFA historical analysis of the Chuang is an essential task in presenting the whole historical picture of the minority races in southern China. This paper surveys the relationships between Chuang tenants and their Chinese landlords in Cuangxi. The present writer has especially focused interests on the process of the formation of the land tenure system among them.Through research and examination of the Chinese source materials, the author has reached the following conclusions:(1) In the early Ming, the Chinese landlords began to invite the Chuangs as tenants both to open up virgin land and for defense. The Chuangs for their part saw it as an opportunity to stabilize their livelihood and evade contact with state power.(2) In most cases where Chuangs were taken on as tenants, the Chinese li captains 里長 acted as mediators between the two parties. In the Ming, the dwelling sites and the tenant lands assigned to the Chuangs were located at the foot of mountain areas outside of Chinese living areas and they were armed. There was also a tendency for Chinese landlord to become local magnates 土豪.(3) Class conflict between the Chinese landlords and the Chuang tenants had gradually become acute since the mid-Ming and there were many uprisings by the Chuangs against their landlords. In the late Ming-early Ch’ing period, the authorities tried to control such class conflicts by using force to oppress these uprisings and by issuing regulations concerning the land tenure system, but their measure were not able to prevent the tendency for the Chuangs to turn into the tenants of Chinese landlords.(4) During the Ch’ing, the Chuangs continued to become landlords to Chinese tenants. Such historical development broke down the social structure of the Chuangs. As a result the Chuangs lost their own cultural identity and were assimilated into Chinese society.journal articl
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