248 research outputs found
KLASIFIKASI CITRA TEKSTUR MENGGUNAKAN k-NEAREST NEIGHBOUR BERDASARKAN EKSTRAKSI CIRI METODE MATRIKS KOOKURENSI
Full text linkSeiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi pengolahan citra digital, manusia menginginkan agar mesin (komputer) dapat mengenali citra seperti layaknya penglihatan manusia. Salah satu cara untuk mengenali citra adalah dengan membedakan tekstur citra tersebut. Citra dikatakan memiliki tekstur apabila pola citra terjadi secara berulang-ulang memenuhi semua bidang citra. Citra yang berbeda memiliki ciri-ciri yang berbeda. Ciri-ciri inilah yang menjadi dasar dalam klasifikasi citra berdasarkan tekstur.
Salah satu metode untuk memperoleh ciri-ciri citra tekstur adalah dengan menghitung probabilitas hubungan ketetanggaan antara dua piksel pada jarak dan arah tertentu. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan membentuk sebuah matriks kookurensi dari data citra. Ciri-ciri tekstur dapat diperoleh dari entropi, ASM (angular second moment), kontras, homogenitas, rerata, simpangan baku, energi dan dissimilarity. Pada program simulasi dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Delphi, hasil ciri-ciri tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk klasifikasi dengan menggunakan k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) yang menentukan hasil klasifikasi berdasarkan jumlah tetangga terdekat. Objek yang diuji adalah citra tekstur dari basis data Vistex yang terdiri dari 6 kelas yaitu anyaman, daun, kulit kayu, logam, pasir dan ubin.
Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa citra-citra tekstur dari basis data Vistex yang diujikan memiliki nilai-nilai koefisien matriks kookurensi sebagai ciri tekstur yang bervariasi satu dengan yang lain. Ciri-ciri tersebut mempengaruhi hasil klasifikasi sehingga dapat menyebabkan kesalahan klasifikasi. Hasil pengujian terhadap citra uji dari citra belajar menghasilkan tingkat pengenalan sebesar 100% untuk nilai k = 1 dan hasil pengujian terhadap citra uji di luar citra belajar menghasilkan tingkat pengenalan sebesar 55,557% untuk nilai k =3.
Kata kunci : tekstur citra, ekstraksi ciri, matriks kookurensi, klasifikasi, k-NN
SIMULASI TEKNIK POWER CONTROL DAN MULTI USER DETECTION PADA SISTEM KOMUNIKASI DS-CDMA
No full textCDMA is interference limited multiple access system. Because all users transmit on the same frequency,internal interference generated by the system is the most significant factor in determining system capacity andcall quality. The transmit power for each user must be reduced to limit interference, however, the power shouldbe enough to maintain the required Eb/No (signal to noise ratio) for a satisfactory call quality. Maximumcapacity is achieved when Eb/No of every user is at the minimum level needed for the acceptable channelperformance. As the MS moves around, the RF environment continuously changes due to fast and slow fading,external interference, shadowing , and other factors. The aim of the dynamic power control is to limittransmitted power on both the links while maintaining link quality under all conditions. Additional advantagesare longer mobile battery life and longer life span of BTS power amplifiers.In this research will be made a sumulation of power control and multi user detection to avoid the interferencebetween MS.Observations show that the increasing number of users will decrease the value of Signal to Interfrence Ratio(SIR) / SIR below the target. To cope the growing number of users increases can be done by iteration / updatingpower transmit so the convergence computation can be reached and target value SIR can be achieved. Inaddition, to reduce interference can also be done by extending the number of chips
ANALISIS KUALITAS PANGGILAN PADA JARINGAN GSM MENGGUNAKAN TEMS INVESTIGATION
Full text linkDrivetest is a way to get information that performed online from TEMS devices. For drivetest and logfile recording,
devices have to be connected. Instead presents online data, TEMS replays logfiles for advanced observations and analysis.
In this Final Project, TEMS Investigation is used outdoor and uses GPS (Global Positioning System) as navigation
device and parameters plotting through drivetest route. Parameters that observed is RxLev, RxQual, andn SQI. Drivetest
done every Saturday and Sunday during three weeks, starting on August 23rd 2009 until September 10th 2009 in drivetest
area that divided in four sub routes. By means of datas collecting by drivetest during three weeks, call quality in GSM
network can be found out, such as dropped call, blocked call, and another events occur. Those events can be observed from
RxLev, RxQual, and SQI values that performed on screen during call.
Drivetest results show that the best call quality are on average value of RxLev, RxQual andSQI, respectively -79.33
dBm, 0.67; and 24.78, while the worst call quality are on average value of RxLev, RxQual andSQI, respectively -
78.00dBm, 1.78, and 17.44. As for the best service quality provided by operator at CSSR and DCR value, respectively
94.73% and DCR 0%, while the worst value of CSSR and DCR, respectively 64.86% and 0%.
Keywords : drivetest, TEMS, RxLev, RxQual, SQ
Aplikasi Pengaturan Lampu Lalu Lintas secara Wireless Berbasis Mikrokontroller Berdasarkan Kepadatan Kendaraan dengan Pemantauan CCTV
Full text linkTraffic is one of the backbone of the economy of a nation. Without good traffic structure, the nation's economy
will be difficult to develop. In addition, several other environmental problems such as congestion, flooding and road
damage exacerbating the economy of a nation. Traffic lights are lights that are used to regulate smooth traffic at a
crossroads. Because its function is so important then the traffic lights should be controlled with as easy as possible.
Most of the traffic light control at the moment still using the timer and the time lights are in the settings from scratch.
That caused the operator is difficult to change the time of traffic lights in each direction at all times. One solution to the
above is by designing a traffic light controller remotely. One solution to the above is by designing a traffic light
controller using Delphi 7.0 computer program by the time the LEDs can be changed at any time.
In this final task will be designed a traffic light control system, especially for highway junction, using a
computer program use Delphi 7.0 and wireless (transceiver) as a medium for data transmission. The design is done by
making a series of digital switches in the form of relay drivers are packaged in the form of aircraft simulation /
miniature that will be controlled by a microcontroller circuit using IC ATMEGA 8535. After that designed the software
as a controller that regulates the output signal to the transceiver and transceiver are connected with traffic lights
through a series of digital switches.
By setting the signal that it is a long time and the condition of traffic lights can be set at any time. Testing was
conducted on a comparison control the length of time the LEDs according to settings in the control program with the
actual time. Comparison of the condition of the LEDs on the control program with the lights on the aircraft simulation.
Keywords: traffic light, delphi 7, microcontroller, wireless (transceiver)
PERANCANGAN DAN ANALISIS KINERJA ANTENA DIPOLE FRAKTAL KURVA KOCH TIPE PLANAR PADA PITA FREKUENSI UHF TELEVISI
Full text linkABSTRAK
Antena televisi yang ada di pasaran sekarang ini sudah sangat beragam baik jenis maupun bentuknya. Namun belum ada antena penerima siaran televisi yang berjenis antena dipole fraktal tipe planar yang beredar. Antena televisi yang banyak beredar pada umumnya masih berbentuk konvensional dengan ukuran yang relatif besar. Dengan penggunaan antena dipole fraktal tipe planar pada penerimaan siaran televisi, diharapkan dapat mengurangi dimensi ukuran dari antena sehingga nantinya tidak lagi diperlukan antena ukuran besar pada perangkat televisi.
Pada tugas akhir ini Antena dipole fraktal kurva Koch dirancang pada frekuensi 600 MHz. Bahan yang digunakan sebagai antena adalah PCB epoxy (FR4) dua lapis dengan ketebalan bahan 1,5 mm dan konstanta dielektrik sebesar 4,7. Lapisan pertama dari substrat digunakan sebagai patch dari antena, sedangkan lapisan kedua digunakan sebagai balun, antara patch dengan balun dihubungkan dengan konduktor melalui lubang pada substrat (via hole). Proses pembuatan antena diawali dengan perancangan antena berdasarkan teori yang sudah ada. Langkah selanjutnya adalah perancangan dan simulasi kinerja antena menggunakan perangkat lunak IE3D V12 dan AWR Design Environment 2008. Terakhir adalah pengukuran kinerja antena berdasarkan nilai frekuensi kerja, perbandingan daya terima, VSWR, dan pola radiasi. Pengukuran juga dilakukan langsung terhadap pesawat televisi dan menggunakan antena televisi lain sebagai pembanding.
Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan hasil bahwa antena dipole fraktal kurva Koch tipe planar yang dibuat bekerja pada frekuensi sekitar 645 sampai dengan 665 MHz. Nilai VSWR yang terukur berada di antara kisaran nilai 1,07 hingga 1,11 sehingga dapat dikatakan antena memiliki kinerja yang baik. Pola radiasi dari antena menunjukkan bahwa antena memiliki pola radiasi berbentuk omnidirectional. Pengujian pada perangkat televisi juga menunjukkan bahwa antena dipole fraktal kurva Koch tipe planar mampu menangkap semua siaran televisi terrestrial UHF dengan kualitas gambar dan suara dengan baik.
Kata kunci : antena, dipole, fraktal, kurva Koch, planar, pita UHF televis
SIMULASI DETEKSI POSISI DAN LINTASAN ROKET MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA TDOA-TRILATERATION PADA SISTEM RADAR SEKUNDER
Full text linkPosition and trajectory detection of rockets is very nessesary for the lauch of rockets can work as expected. If position and trajectory of rockets aren’t monitored properly, it could be bad. Therefore, we need solutions to monitor the position and trajectory rockets with the technical studies in particular. Rockets moves with initial power and power when rockets fly until its produce acceleration. The rockets movement are arranged by the law of mechanics orbital and its are affected by the law of aerodynamics. The output result from this detection, will be used as comparative data with the expected trajectory.
Through this final project, we simulate application of TDOA-Trilateration Algorithm for detect position and trajectory of rocket on secondary radar system. Technique for get distance between transceiver station and transponder is with find time difference of transmit and receive signal between transceiver station and transponder. This technique is called with TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival). After Distance between transceiver station and transponder is known, three-dimensional position can be searched with Trilateration methode. This prosses will be simulated with software Matlab R2008a.
On the simulation testing indicate that rockets position and trajectory which result from simulation of rockets trajectory formation stage with simulation stage to detect position and trajectory of rockets have the same x, y, z values. However, there is one point of positioan which haven’t the same z value while the z value is negatif. Variation values of D0, D1, and D2 (the placement of Ground Station) aren’t influential to the detection values (x, y,z), but influential to values of deltaT1, deltaT2, and deltaT3.
Keyword : TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival), Trilateration, rockets, transceiver, transponde
APLIKASI SISTEM PARKIR DENGAN AUTOMATISASI PEMBIAYAAN BERBASIS RFID (RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
Full text linkRFID ( Radio of Frequency Identification ) is technology base on the this wave radio. Technology able to identify without needed direct contact. RFID developed by in the place of barcode technology. Implementation RFID is among other things used for the approximation of last stream - pass by quickly at turnpike, system of applying of application RFID in that library area, and what is more there are also research RFID used for the university student card, library card and polyclinic card, application of transaction of voucher and fingerprint and breach-block electronic at smart home. In this final project, the writer do the simulation program with automatic park system by using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).It is expected that using this tool, to help in arranging the park field that using auto identification technology which does not need direct contact in the usage. In this final project, besides making the parking transaction easier, RFID also used as the substitution of money during the transaction. This technology also offers safety. The using of RFID in parking managing gives significant advantages if it is compared with Barcode technology. The design starts with RFID to data input in database and will be used turn on LED like supplementary gate park. Examining process the park transaction include enter transaction park and exit transaction park. In the testing stage, the system can work well and it can be shown by RFID reading not a wrong. The output of this system is identified by LED (Light Emitting Diode) supplementary gate park which creates green color if the system is success and red color if the system cannot be continued. Key: Barcode, Identification, LED (Light Emitting Diode) ,RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), park system , tag RFID
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