1,721,148 research outputs found
Intellectual property and international dispute resolution/ editors, Christopher Heath and Anselm Kamperman Sanders.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.Investor state dispute settlement (ISDS) in the field of intellectual property law and beyond / Christopher Heath and Anselm Kamperman Sanders -- Dispute resolution in international and bilateral agreements / Shahla Ali and Wilson Mbugua -- The history of investment tribunals and the protection of IPRs under investment treaties / Flavia Marisi and Julien Chaisse -- Dispute resolution under the WTO regime / Jens Hillebrand Pohl -- The direct application of international IP agreements before national courts / Christopher Heath -- The pathways of multinational intellectual property dispute settlement / Peter K. Yu -- Intellectual property as investment and the implications for industrial policy / Anselm Kamperman Sanders -- Lilly v. Canada : lessons for international intellectual property law and policy / Daniel J. Gervais -- The tobacco plain packaging legislation before investor-state tribunals : Philip Morris Asia v. Australia and Philip Morris et al. v. Uruguay / Iveta Alexovicova -- The WTO disputes regarding tobacco plain packaging : selected TRIPS findings from the panel stage / Wolf R. Meier-Ewert -- Unpacking constitutional protection for trade marks : the plain packaging disputes before national courts / Robert Burrell.1 online resource (xx, 261 pages
Christopher Heath Wellman ja valtion oikeus rajakontrolliin
No full textGlobalisaatio ja kansainvälisen muuttoliikkeen räjähdysmäinen kasvu ovat haastaneet perinteisen maailmankuvamme ja käsityksemme itsenäisistä valtioista. Maahanmuuttoa koskevassa poliittisessa filosofiassa on enenevässä määrin ryhdytty tarkastelemaan kriittisesti valtiosuvereniteettia. Samalla on kyseenalaistettu valtion oikeus rajakontrolliin, maahanmuuton estämiseen ja maahanmuuton kriteerien omaehtoiseen asettamiseen. Rajakontrollin katsotaan usein olevan ristiriidassa liberaalien arvojen ja ihmisoikeuksien kanssa.
Pro gradu -tutkielmassa tarkastellaan Christopher Heath Wellmanin valtion rajakontrollia puolustavaa argumenttia. Wellman pyrkii ratkaisemaan valtiosuvereniteetin, ihmisoikeuksien ja rajakontrollin välisen jännitteen yhdistämällä liberaalin ajatuksen yksilön moraalisesta arvosta antiliberaaliin ajatukseen kollektiivisesta oikeudesta itsemääräämiseen. Hänen argumenttinsa rakentuu kolmesta premissistä: 1) valtiolla on oikeus itsemääräämiseen, 2) itsemääräämisoikeuteen sisältyy yhdistymisvapaus ja 3) yhdistymisvapauteen kuuluu oikeus olla yhdistymättä. Näistä kolmesta premissistä Wellman päättelee, että valtioilla on halutessaan oikeus evätä maahanpääsy kaikilta maahan pyrkiviltä yksilöiltä. Wellmanin johtopäätös on radikaali ja jyrkkä. Sen mukaan valtioilla olisi oikeus sulkea ovensa myös kaikkein heikommassa asemassa olevilta pakolaisilta ja turvapaikanhakijoilta.
Tutkielmassa käsitellään Wellmanin argumentin premissejä ja johtopäätöstä kriittisesti. Työ etenee Wellmanin argumentin mukaisesti tarkastellen ensin hänen käsitystään valtion itsemääräämisoikeudesta. Argumentti sitoo kollektiivisen itsemääräämisoikeuden poliittiseen legitimiteettiin ja ryhmän kykyyn suojella ihmisoikeuksia. Liberalismin sitoutuminen arvoindividualismiin ja yksilön oikeuksiin asettaa Wellmanin näkemykselle haasteita. Työssä esitetään, ettei Wellman pysty näitä haasteita täysin ratkaisemaan. Tämän jälkeen tarkastellaan argumentin toista ja kolmatta premissiä yhdistymisvapaudesta ja sen ulossulkevasta ulottuvuudesta. Luvussa tarkastellaan kriittisesti Wellmanin näkemystä yhdistymisvapaudesta ja valtiosta yhdistymisvapauden oikeudenhaltijana. Lisäksi esitetään kaksi Wellmanin jyrkän johtopäätöksen haastavaa esimerkkiä kilpailevista oikeuksista. Näistä ensimmäiseen Wellman pyrkii antamaan ratkaisuehdotuksen. Toinen esimerkki osoittaa, että argumentti asettaa poliittisen yhteisön vähemmistön enemmistön tyrannian alle.
Viimeisessä varsinaisessa luvussa tutkielman näkökulma vaihdetaan Wellmanin argumentin sisäisestä tarkastelusta valtion alueellisten oikeuksien tarkasteluun. Näkökulmanvaihdos osoittaa, miksi Wellman tarvitsee argumenttiinsa sen eri osat ja lisäulottuvuudet. Luvussa esitetään, että yhdistymisvapaus ei ole vastaus maahanmuutto- ja rajakontrollikysymykseen. Tämän takia Wellman joutuu antamaan itsemääräämisoikeudelle lisäulottuvuuden. Luvun lopussa osoitetaan, että tämä lisäulottuvuus tuo näkemykseen kommunitaristisia haasteita, joista Wellman on pyrkinyt irrottautumaan. Lisäksi näkemys perustuu konsekventalistisiin huolenaiheisiin eikä Wellmanin kannattamaan deontologiseen käsitykseen valtion itsemääräämisoikeudesta.
Tutkielman johtopäätöksenä esitetään, ettei Wellmanin kollektiiviseen itsemääräämisoikeuteen ja yhdistymisvapauteen perustuva argumentti tarjoa oikeutusta valtion oikeudelle kontrolloida rajojaan. Argumentti kaipaa tuekseen perustelun itsemääräämisoikeuden lisäulottuvuuden hyväksymiselle
CONTEMPORARY DEBATES IN APPLIED ETHICS
No full textAcknowledgments -- Notes on contributors -- Introduction -- Abortion -- Ch. 1. The wrong of abortion / Patrick Lee and Robert P. George -- Ch. 2. The moral permissibility of abortion / Margaret Olivia Little -- Affirmative action -- Ch. 3. A defense of affirmative action / Albert Mosley -- Ch. 4. Preferential policies have become toxic / Celia Wolf-Devine -- Animals -- Ch. 5. Empty cages: animals rights and vivisection / Tom Regan -- Ch. 6. Animals and their medical use / R.G. Frey -- Capital punishment -- Ch. 7. A defense of the death penalty / Louis P. Pojman -- Ch. 8. Why we should put the death penalty to rest / Stephen Nathanson -- Cloning -- Ch. 9. Why I oppose human cloning / Jeremy Rifkin -- Ch. 10. The poverty of objections to human reproductive cloning / John Harris - - Euthanasia -- Ch. 11. In defense of voluntary active euthanasia and assisted suicide / Michael Tooley -- Ch. 12. A case against euthanasia / Daniel Callahan -- Immigration -- Ch. 13. Immigration: the case for limits / David Miller -- Ch. 14. The case for open immigration / Chandran Kukathas -- Pornography -- Ch. 15. The right to get turned on: pornography, autonomy, equality / Andrew Altman - - Ch. 16. "The price we pay"? Pornography and harm / Susan J. Brison -- Privacy and civil society -- Ch. 17. The limits of privacy / Amitai Etzioni -- Ch. 18. The case for privacy / David D. Friedman -- Values in nature -- Ch. 19. The intrinsic value of nature in public policy: the case of the Endangered Species Act / J. Baird Callicott -- Ch. 20. Values in nature: a pluralistic approach / Bryan G. Norton -- World hunger -- Ch. 21. Famine relief: the duties we have to others / Christopher Heath Wellman - - Ch. 22. Famine relief and human virtue / Andrew I. Cohen -- Inde
Debating the ethics of immigration: Is there a right to exclude?
No full textThe book has a clear focus on philosophical theory and ethical argument, referring to economic and other evidence for the positions taken where this is helpful, but making it clear that what is ultimately at stake is the morality of border controls. Each author sets out a distinct and thought-provoking position on the ethics of immigration, with Christopher Wellman arguing that legitimate states have the right to have any immigration regime they want, and Phillip Cole arguing that national borders should be completely open. By setting out what may seem to be radical positions, Wellman and Cole succeed in showing clearly what is at stake when it comes to the ethics of migration policy.Do states have the right to prevent potential immigrants from crossing their borders, or should people have the freedom to migrate and settle wherever they wish? Christopher Heath Wellman and Phillip Cole develop and defend opposing answers to this timely and important question. Appealing to the right to freedom of association, Wellman contends that legitimate states have broad discretion to exclude potential immigrants, even those who desperately seek to enter. Against this, Cole argues that the commitment to the moral equality of all human beings - which legitimate states can be expected to hold - means national borders must be open: equal respect requires equal access, both to territory and membership; and that the idea of open borders is less radical than it seems when we consider how many territorial and community boundaries have this open nature. In addition to engaging with each other's arguments, Wellman and Cole address a range of central questions and prominent positions on this topic. The authors therefore provide a critical overview of the major contributions to the ethics of migration, as well as developing original, provocative positions of their own
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Rights Forfeiture and Punishment
No full textIn Rights Forfeiture and Punishment, Christopher Heath Wellman argues that those of us who seek to defend the moral permissibility of punishment should shift our focus from general justifying aims to moral side constraints. Given that persons typically have a right not to be subjected to the hard treatment of punishment, it would seem natural to conclude that the permissibility of punishment is centrally a question of rights. Despite this, the vast majority of theorists working on punishment focus instead on important aims, such as achieving retributive justice, deterring crime, restoring victims, or expressing society’s core values. The book argues that these aims may well explain why we should want a properly constructed system of punishment, but none shows why it would be permissible to institute one. Only a rights-based analysis will suffice, because the type of justification we seek for punishment must demonstrate that punishment is permissible, and it would be permissible just in case it violated no one’s rights. On this book’s view, punishment is permissible only when the wrongdoer has forfeited her right against punishment by culpably violating (or at least attempting to violate) the rights of others. After defending rights forfeiture theory against the standard objections, the book explains this theory’s implications for a number of core issues in criminal law, including the authority of the state, international criminal law, the proper scope of the criminal law and the tort/crime distinction, procedural rights, and the justification of mala prohibita.</p
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