1,320 research outputs found
The Drama of Reform: Theology and Theatricality, 1461–1553
No full textThis review considers The Drama of Reform by Tamara Atkin
The capacity of visual imagery, visual working memory and visual short-term memory for features
No full textPrevious research found that the number of items that can be maintained in imagination is severely capacity limited, and its capacity is lower than that of working memory (Atkin, Guest, Howard, Baguley & Baker, in preparation). However, little is known about how many features can be maintained within imagination, and whether the capacity is the same or different to known capacities in visual memory (visual working memory, visual short-term memory)
A simulation scenario based mixed integer programming approach to airline reserve crew scheduling under uncertainty
No full textThe environment in which airlines operate is uncertain for many reasons, for example due to the effects of weather, traffic or crew unavailability (due to delay or sickness). This work focuses on airline reserve crew scheduling under crew absence uncertainty and delay for an airline operating a single hub and spoke network. Reserve crew can be used to cover absent crew or delayed connecting crew. A fixed number of reserve crew are available for scheduling and each requires a daily standby duty start time. This work proposes a mixed integer programming approach to scheduling the airline’s reserve crew. A simulation of the airline’s operations with stochastic journey time and crew absence inputs (without reserve crew) is used to generate input disruption scenarios for the mixed integer programming simulation scenario model (MIPSSM) formulation. Each disruption scenario corresponds to a record of all of the disruptions that may occur on the day of operation which are solvable by using reserve crew. A set of disruption scenarios form the input of the MIPSSM formulation, which has the objective of finding the reserve crew schedule that minimises the overall level of disruption over the set of input scenarios. Additionally, modifications of the MIPSSM are explored, a heuristic solution approach and a reserve use policy derived from the MIPSSM are introduced. A heuristic based on the proposed MIPSSM outperforms a range of alternative approaches. The heuristic solution approach suggests that including the right disruption scenarios is as important as the quantity of disruption scenarios that are added to the MIPSSM. An investigation into what makes a good set of scenarios is also presented
Does age effect performance in imagination and VWM tasks
No full textPrevious research found that the amount of items that can be maintained in the imagination of young adults is severely capacity limited, and its capacity is lower than that of visual working memory (VWM; Atkin, Howard, Baguley, Baker & Guest, under review). However, it would be interesting to investigate if the findings can be replicated in healthy older adults. Older adults generally have larger sensory deficits relative to younger adults, and many age deficits in cognition can be statistically explained by older adults’ deficits in hearing and sight. For example, older adults typically have psychophysical deficits in visual function compared to younger adults (see Li & Lindenberger, 2002; Owsley, 2010, for reviews). In line with this framework, if VWM is enhanced by utilising visual input, then such an enhancement may be smaller in older adults because their senses have declined. Therefore, the difference between VWM and imagination performance might be smaller for older adults than for young adults. It would be particularly interesting if older adults showed no imagination deficit relative to young adults. Alternatively, older adults generally have reduced executive function compared to younger adults (Ferguson, Brunsdon, & Bradford, 2021). Moreover, imagination generation and maintenance has been shown to require a greater reliance on top-down connections than VWM (Albers et al., 2013; Dijkstra, et al., 2017), with these connections being associated with executive function (Mayer et al., 2007; Nobre et al., 2004; Zanto, Rubens, Thangavel & Gazzaley, 2011). On the basis of this research, if imagination requires greater executive function, then older adults’ performance will be reduced relative to young adults as older adults’ executive function have declined. Therefore, the difference between VWM and imagination performance might be larger for older adults than for young adults. The current study builds on this research to investigate if the findings from Atkin et al. (under review) can be replicated in older adult
Book Reviews
No full text'Searching for a Better Society: The Peruvian Economy from 1950'; Author: by John Sheahan; Reviewer:Raul Hopkins; 'Democratisation in Africa'; Editors: Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner; Reviewer: Jan Kees van Donge; 'Exchange Rate Misalignment: Concepts and Measurement for Developing Countries'; Editors: Lawrence E. Hinkle and Peter J. Montiel; Reviewer: Christopher Tsoukis; 'Orangi Pilot Project, Reminiscences and Reflections'; Author: Akhtar Hameed Khan; Reviewer: Jo Beall; 'Whey Governments Waste Natural Resources: Policy Failures in Developing Countries'; Author: William Ascher; Reviewer: Julio Pena-Torres; 'Evaluating Development Aid - Issues, Problems and Solutions'; Author: Basil Cracknell; Reviewer: Mike Faber; 'Development Microeconomics'; Authors: Pranab Bardhan and Christopher Udry; Reviewer: Scott McDonald; 'Economic and Social Changes in Czech Society After 1989: An Alternative View'; Authors: Lubomir Mlcoch, Pavel Machonin and Milan Sojka; Reviewer: Alasdair MacBean; 'Resistance to the Shah: Landowners and Ulama in Iran'; Author: Mohammad Gholi Majd; Reviewer: Rodney Wilson; 'Corruption and Democratisation'; Editors: Alan Doig and Robin Theobald; Reviewer: Heather A. Marquette;Review Books,
Probabilistic Airline Reserve Crew Scheduling Model
No full textThis paper introduces a probabilistic model for airline reserve crew scheduling. The model can be applied to any schedules which consist of a stream of departures from a single airport. We assume that reserve crew demand can be captured by an independent probability of crew absence for each departure. The aim of our model is to assign some fixed number of available reserve crew in such a way that the overall probability of crew unavailability in an uncertain operating environment is minimised. A comparison of different probabilistic objective functions, in terms of the most desirable simulation results, is carried out, complete with an interpretation of the results. A sample of heuristic solution methods are then tested and compared to the optimal solutions on a set of problem instances, based on the best objective function found. The current model can be applied in the early planning phase of reserve crew scheduling, when very little information is known about crew absence related disruptions. The main conclusions include the finding that the probabilistic objective function approach gives solutions whose objective values correlate strongly with the results that these solutions will get on average in repeated simulations. Minimisation of the sum of the probabilities of crew unavailability was observed to be the best surrogate objective function for reserve crew schedules that perform well in simulation. A list of extensions that could be made to the model is then provided, followed by conclusions that summarise the findings and important results obtained
Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate and leaf traits
No full textOwen K. Atkin team : Owen K. Atkin, Keith J. Bloomfield, Peter B. Reich, Mark G. Tjoelker, Gregory P. Asner, Damien Bonal, Gerhard Bönisch, Matt Bradford, Lucas A. Cernusak, Eric G. Cosio, Danielle Creek, Kristine Y. Crous, Tomas Domingues, Jeffery S. Dukes, John J. G. Egerton, John R. Evans, Graham D. Farquhar, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Paul P.G. Gauthier, Emanuel Gloor, Teresa E. Gimeno, Kevin L. Griffin, Rossella Guerrieri, Mary A. Heske, Chris Huntingford, Françoise Yoko Ishida, Jens Kattge, Hans Lambers, Michael J. Liddell, Christopher H. Lusk, Roberta E. Martin, Ayal P. Maksimov, Trofim C. Maximov, Yadvinder Mahl, Belinda E. Medlyn, Patrick Meir, Lina M. Mercado, Nicholas Mirotchnick, Desmond Ng, Ülo Niinemets, Odhran S. O’Sullivan, Oliver L. Philips1, Lourens Poorter, Pieter Poot, I. Colin Prentice, Norma Salinas, Lucy M. Rowland, Mike G. Ryan, Stephen Sitch, Martijn Slot, Nicholas G. Smith, Matthew H. Turnbull, Mark C. VanderWel, Fernando Valladares, Eric J. Veneklaas, Lasantha K. Weerasinghe, Christian Wirth, Ian J. Wright, Kirk Wythers, Jen Xiang, Shuang Xiang and Joana Zaragoza-Castellsabsen
Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate and leaf traits
No full textOwen K. Atkin team : Owen K. Atkin, Keith J. Bloomfield, Peter B. Reich, Mark G. Tjoelker, Gregory P. Asner, Damien Bonal, Gerhard Bönisch, Matt Bradford, Lucas A. Cernusak, Eric G. Cosio, Danielle Creek, Kristine Y. Crous, Tomas Domingues, Jeffery S. Dukes, John J. G. Egerton, John R. Evans, Graham D. Farquhar, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Paul P.G. Gauthier, Emanuel Gloor, Teresa E. Gimeno, Kevin L. Griffin, Rossella Guerrieri, Mary A. Heske, Chris Huntingford, Françoise Yoko Ishida, Jens Kattge, Hans Lambers, Michael J. Liddell, Christopher H. Lusk, Roberta E. Martin, Ayal P. Maksimov, Trofim C. Maximov, Yadvinder Mahl, Belinda E. Medlyn, Patrick Meir, Lina M. Mercado, Nicholas Mirotchnick, Desmond Ng, Ülo Niinemets, Odhran S. O’Sullivan, Oliver L. Philips1, Lourens Poorter, Pieter Poot, I. Colin Prentice, Norma Salinas, Lucy M. Rowland, Mike G. Ryan, Stephen Sitch, Martijn Slot, Nicholas G. Smith, Matthew H. Turnbull, Mark C. VanderWel, Fernando Valladares, Eric J. Veneklaas, Lasantha K. Weerasinghe, Christian Wirth, Ian J. Wright, Kirk Wythers, Jen Xiang, Shuang Xiang and Joana Zaragoza-Castellsabsen
Correction to: COVID-19 biomarkers for severity mapped to polycystic ovary syndrome
No full textFollowing publication of the original article, the
authors would like to correct the author group with
regards to the equal contributions: Stephen L. Atkin
and Alexandra E. Butler should be listed as joint senior
authors.
The author group has been updated above and the original article has been corrected
Correction to: COVID-19 biomarkers for severity mapped to polycystic ovary syndrome
No full textFollowing publication of the original article, the
authors would like to correct the author group with
regards to the equal contributions: Stephen L. Atkin
and Alexandra E. Butler should be listed as joint senior
authors.
The author group has been updated above and the original article has been corrected
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