1,721,261 research outputs found
An analytical theory of moist convection
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.Bibliography: leaves 208-210.by Christopher Stephen Bretherton.Ph.D
Exceptional Aryans: State Misrecognition of Himachali Dalits
No full textThis chapter analyses the positionality of Halis—former bonded labourers, ploughers and animal carcass removers—who constitute the most subordinated Scheduled Caste (SC) community within the Gaddi tribal orbit. For many Halis, the struggle for Scheduled Tribe (ST) recognition begins with legally undoing their ancestral conversion to the Ayra Samaj. In the early twentieth century, many Halis officially replaced their caste name with ‘Arya’ or ‘Gaddi Arya’ in the Revenue Record in order to combat tribal casteism. For a time, they adopted the purifying techniques and caste-obliterating ideologies of the Arya Samaj. This strategy of upward caste mobility backfired, however, when Arya was classified as a forward caste and converted Halis were denied SC/ST benefits in the initial constitutional scheduling. Their official status as Aryas continues to deprive thousands of Halis of much-needed reservation protections. Through fieldwork data collected between 2014 and 16, I highlight the psychosocial anguish of many Halis as they waste inordinate amounts of time and resources bribing bureaucrats, negotiating with state administrators, excavating the archive for non-existent property documents, and being exploited by lawyers—all in the pursuit of restoring their Hali caste name to qualify for SC benefits. Many Halis—non-literate village scratch farmers—are defeated by feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy. Their struggle is further complicated by a desire to ascend the escalator of state recognition from forward caste Aryas to SC Halis to ST Gaddi Dalits. Based on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork, I argue that state (mis)recognition can drive marginalization and coarsen psychosocial wellbeing
The tropho-spatial ecology of deep-sea sharks and chimaeras from a stable isotope perspective
No full textChondrichthyans (sharks, rays and chimaera) are one of the most speciose groups of higher order predators on the planet and are often cited as playing an important functional role in many ecosystems. However, most studies to date have focused on oceanic and shelf habitats, and there is limited information on the ecological role that chondrichthyans play in the deep-sea. This research aims to examine the trophic and spatial ecology of deep-sea chondrichthyans using stable isotope analysis. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen vary among different trophic levels and between spatially separated areas, and therefore provide a potential tool for uncovering some ecological characteristics of deep-water chondrichthyans.In this study, I found that on a global scale, oceanic sharks appear to transfer nutrients over large spatial scales, whereas sharks found in shelf habitats couple ecologically varied food webs close to their capture location. Although global data is limited for deep-sea sharks, in the northeast Atlantic it appears that sharks found on seamounts are more tightly coupled to pelagic production than their counterparts on the continental slopes. Continental slope habitats may provide access to more isotopic niches, where sharks integrate nutrients from benthic and pelagic nutrient pathways. On the other hand, chimaeras appear to fill a unique role feeding on benthic prey items that are inaccessible to other fishes (e.g hard shelled benthic animals). Depth gradients in nutrient availability are reflected in the bathymetric distribution patterns of chondrichthyan families, with depth segregations likely reducing interspecific competition for resources. For some of the largest shark species in this ecosystem, such as Portuguese dogfish (Centroscymnus coelolepis) and leafscale gulper shark (Centrophorus squamosus), whole life-history ecology was recovered from sequential analysis of eye lens proteins. Both these species appear to undertake relatively consistent latitudinal migrations linked with ontogeny and reproductive development.This study reveals the ecological characteristic of diverse deep-sea chondrichthyan assemblages, and how trophic and spatial behaviours facilitate the transfer of nutrients in these ecosystems. Subsequently, chondrichthyans likely play an important role in deep-sea ecosystems and should be managed appropriately within fisheries.<br/
‘The Jew has been persecuted because he is a Jew’: The discursive construction, disruption, and reconstruction of ‘The Jew’ in race relations legislation and situation comedy, 1965–1976
No full textThis thesis examines constructions of Jewish ‘difference’ in two sets of sources produced between 1965 and 1976 in the United Kingdom—parliamentary sources produced during the passage of the Race Relations Acts 1965, 1968, and 1976, and two situation comedies, Till Death Us Do Part (1965–1975), and Never Mind the Quality, Feel the Width (1967–1971). It will demonstrate that while the construction of Jews as an ‘Other’ is evident, though not consistent, in parliamentary sources, the representations of Jews in Till Death Us Do Part and Never Mind the Quality, Feel the Width point to a disruption of ideas of Jewish Otherness and of the structures of power and thought that underpin them; concurrently these sources also demonstrate a competing construction of Jewish Otherness that rests on ideas specifically rejected in the parliamentary sources. Utilising Foucauldian-, Hallsian-, Bhabhaian, and Bakhtinian-informed ideas and methodology, this thesis offers a reassessment of the ways in which the Race Relations Acts’ constructions of Jews operated, not as a form of protection, but of power. This thesis further posits that situation comedy functioned as third space site of discursive hybridism to this. Consequently, this thesis extends the origins of Martin Barker’s ‘new racism’ and Etienne Balibar’s ‘neo-racism’ further into the past than previously understood. By exploring the four ‘criteria’ by which difference was defined in these statutes—‘colour’, ‘race’, ‘nation’, and ‘ethnicity’—assessing the ways in which Jews were spoken about within each of these discourses in order to create the polyvalent discursive construct of ‘the Jew’, this thesis demonstrates: the artificiality of these four structuring concepts; a contemporary redrawing of the bounds of ‘Same’ and ‘Other’ to adapt the British State to changing social realities; and, through similar explorations in situation comedy, the emphasis on concretising the ‘Other’ as a consequence of this aforementioned domestic expedience in Parliament
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Equivariant coherent sheaves, Soergel bimodules, and categorification of affine Hecke algebras
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100).In this thesis, we examine three different versions of "categorification" of the affine Hecke algebra and its periodic module: the first is by equivariant coherent sheaves on the Grothendieck resolution (and related objects), the second is by certain classes on bimodules over polynomial rings, called Soergel bimodules, and the third is by certain categories of constructible sheaves on the affine flag manifold (for the Langlands dual group). We prove results relating all three of these categorifications, and use them to deduce nontrivial equivalences of categories. In addition, our main theorem allows us to deduce the existence of a strict braid group action on all of the categories involved; which strengthens a theorem of Bezrukavnikov-Riche.by Christopher Stephen Dodd.Ph.D
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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