108 research outputs found
Lydia Netzer, 36th Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textLydia Netzer is the author of Shine, Shine, Shine. She was born in Detroit and educated in the Midwest. She lives in Virginia with her two home-schooled children and math -making husband. When she isn\u27t working as a book doctor, blogging, or drafting her second novel, she writes songs and plays guitar in a rock band called The Virginia Janes
Multiplex immunohistochemistry for mapping the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
No full textThe role of LYVE-1+ macrophages in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
No full textChristoph Ohlig & Tsvika Tsuk (Ed.), Cura Aquarum in Israel II – Water in Antiquity – In Memory of Mr. Yehuda Peleg / Prof. Ehud Netzer / Dr. David Amit. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Israel 14 – 20 October 2012. Siegburg, Deutschen Wasserhistorischen Gesellschaft, 2014
No full textTholbecq Laurent. Christoph Ohlig & Tsvika Tsuk (Ed.), Cura Aquarum in Israel II – Water in Antiquity – In Memory of Mr. Yehuda Peleg / Prof. Ehud Netzer / Dr. David Amit. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Israel 14 – 20 October 2012. Siegburg, Deutschen Wasserhistorischen Gesellschaft, 2014. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 85, 2016. pp. 602-603
The outlook for the metropolitan area
No full textThe author assesses the region's future and identifies policies that might improve the local outlook. He acknowledges that substantial cuts in the local tax burden could increase growth but doubts whether local governments could afford such widespread reductions. Instead, he argues, it would be more beneficial for authorities to seek ways to lower the cost of doing business in the region, possibly by reducing taxes levied on intermediate goods and services purchased by businesses.New York (N.Y.) ; Federal Reserve District, 2nd
Clinical commentary by Antje Netzer-Stein, child and adolescent psychotherapist and psychoanalyst
No full textThe author reflects on the case of a 16-year-old girl with psychosomatic symptoms and underwent psychotherapy and specifically teenagers' tendency to struggle between regressive tendencies and be more independent. A background of the girl is provided who is an only child of separated parents and suffered several traumatic separations as a child. Also examined are the mental health of her mother and the dynamics between mother and daughter
Cell Intrinsic IL-38 Affects B Cell Differentiation and Antibody Production
No full textIL-38 is an IL-1 family receptor antagonist with an emerging role in chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-38 expression has been mainly observed not only in epithelia, but also in cells of the immune system, including macrophages and B cells. Given the association of both IL-38 and B cells with chronic inflammation, we explored if IL-38 affects B cell biology. IL-38-deficient mice showed higher amounts of plasma cells (PC) in lymphoid organs but, conversely, lower levels of plasmatic antibody titers. Exploring underlying mechanisms in human B cells revealed that exogenously added IL-38 did not significantly affect early B cell activation or differentiation into plasma cells, even though IL-38 suppressed upregulation of CD38. Instead, IL-38 mRNA expression was transiently upregulated during the differentiation of human B cells to plasma cells in vitro, and knocking down IL-38 during early B cell differentiation increased plasma cell generation, while reducing antibody production, thus reproducing the murine phenotype. Although this endogenous role of IL-38 in B cell differentiation and antibody production did not align with an immunosuppressive function, autoantibody production induced in mice by repeated IL-18 injections was enhanced in an IL-38-deficient background. Taken together, our data suggest that cell-intrinsic IL-38 promotes antibody production at baseline but suppresses the production of autoantibodies in an inflammatory context, which may partially explain its protective role during chronic inflammation
Adiponectin, Leptin and Visfatin in Hypoxia and its Effect for Weight Loss in Obesity
No full textRationale: Hypoxia induces leptin gene expression in human adipocytes via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-α/β). Under ambient moderate hypoxia, leptin in adipocytes is elevated for at least 14 days. Leptin is supposedly involved in the reduced food intake, increased utilization of fatty acids for energy production and possible weight loss observed at high altitudes. Literature on adiponectin and visfatin in high altitude is inconsistent with reports of elevated levels and non-elevated levels. Exercise in hypoxia studies in obese subjects have shown a significant weight loss after up to 3 weeks, but it is unclear if this effect holds up for longer time periods. Therefore, we aimed to investigate 32 obese subjects completing 52 exercise and rest sessions within 8 months at either moderate or sham hypoxia and to analyze leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin mRNA-expression at different time points of exposure. Methods: Abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies were taken from 32 obese subjects before, after 3 months and after 8 months of intervention. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups and exercised at moderate intensity at two different study sites twice a week. The IG was exposed to normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 14.0 ± 0.2%,) at exercise and at rest (FiO2: 12.0 ± 0.2%) and the CG to sham hypoxia. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used in order to determine mRNA-levels of leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin. Results: No differences in leptin levels after 3 and 8 months compared to baseline and between groups were found. There was no significant difference regarding adiponectin or visfatin at any time point compared to baseline in the hypoxia group, but an increase after 3 months was seen in the control group at normoxia compared to the hypoxia group (adiponectin: p = 0.029 and visfatin: p = 0.014). Conclusion: In this first several months' duration randomized sham controlled hypoxia exercise and rest study with obese subjects, we found no time extended leptin mRNA-expression in subjects under hypoxia after 3 and 8 months compared to baseline levels. Moderate exercise in normoxia not in hypoxia leads to elevated adiponectin and visfatin levels after 3 months
Physiological effects of training in hypoxic environments and its benefits for prevention and rehabilitation
No full textBackground: The benefits of training in hypoxic environments are widely discussed. Several interventional studies prove its usefulness for different applications. Lately the impact of hypoxia on pre-existing health conditions in middle aged and elderly populations has come into focus. Especially the potential of hypoxic training in reducing the workload during endurance training could withhold great benefits for orthopedically impaired populations like geriatric patients. Furthermore, several studies show beneficial effects of hypoxic training on cardiovascular risk factors and blood perfusion in muscles. This study compound aims at the investigation of physiological effects and potential benefits of hypoxic training interventions in the elderly.
Methods: Three studies and one review are supposed to give an overview of physiological effects and the usability of hypoxia as additive for endurance training in the elderly. Study A evaluates the effects of a commonly practiced hiking prevention program on cardiovascular risk factors in 24 elderly subjects (10 female, age 66.2 ± 4.4 years and 14 male, age 65.6 ± 2.7 years). Study B and C identify possible obstacles and risks when planning rehabilitation or prevention programs in NH. Study B shows the main differences between NH and HH comparing the physiological effects in six subjects (age 28.3 ± 8.2 years) during a “real” and a simulated hike. Meanwhile, paper C gives an overview of possible risks and especially the impact of prolonged hypoxia exposure and its potential impact on cognitive functions. Finally, in Study D, 40 geriatric patients (NG: n = 16, age 82.0 ±7.8 years, HG: n = 19, age 80.2 ± 7.2 years) participated in a single blinded, placebo controlled interventional study, investigating the potential reduction of physical workload during endurance training using NH and its physiological effects.
Results: Only one hiking session per week over a time course of nine months does not lower cardiovascular risk factors in subjects older than 60 years. Systolic blood pressure seems to be lowered only in patients with pathological or borderline values. For prevention- or rehabilitation programs, using normobaric hypoxia, some differences have to be taken into account. In NH, heartrate is lower while peripheral oxygen saturation is higher maintaining a similar physical strain as in HH (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NH seems to impair cognitive reaction time after sleep to a certain degree. Physical workload (Watt/kg p = 0.012) and related parameters are significantly reduced in a three week interventional endurance training study on simulated 3000 m in the elderly.
Discussion: NH training lowers physical workload during endurance training in the elderly. Especially for geriatric rehabilitation, where patients and their therapists have only three weeks and rather short training sessions for measurable improvements, NH has great benefits. Furthermore, it seems to provide a safe environment and allows better monitoring than HH for prevention- or rehabilitation programs. Cardiac and pulmonary demands are lower in NH compared to HH. Overnight stays in hypoxia bear some risk for cognitive impairment, which has to be taken into account as possible risk for accidents. Nevertheless, we think during normal daytime training sessions and in quite low altitudes, this is no limiting factor for preventive- or rehabilitative programs. The common hiking routine of only one hiking session per week, practiced by most elderly, seems not to be sufficient to improve cardiovascular fitness. Therefore, the search for new possibilities to use the benefits of hypoxia for this age group is of importance.
Conclusion: Training in hypoxic environments bears a lot of potential for certain patient groups. Especially the use of NH as additive to endurance training either to lower physical workload or to enhance the training intensity seems to be promising. This also could open the field of low volume high intensity training for geriatrics
Association between spatial distribution of leukocyte subsets and clinical presentation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
No full textBackgroundInteractions between tumor cells and cells in the microenvironment contribute to tumor development and metastasis. The spatial arrangement of individual cells in relation to each other influences the likelihood of whether and how these cells interact with each other.MethodsThis study investigated the effect of spatial distribution on the function of leukocyte subsets in the microenvironment of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC). Leukocyte subsets were further classified based on analysis of two previously published HNSCC single-cell RNA datasets and flow cytometry (FC).ResultsIHC revealed distinct distribution patterns of leukocytes differentiated by CD68 and CD163. While CD68hiCD163lo and CD68hiCD163hi cells accumulated near tumor sites, CD68loCD163hi cells were more evenly distributed in the tumor stroma. PD-L1hi and PD-1hi cells accumulated predominantly around tumor sites. High cell density of PD-L1hi CD68hiCD163hi cells or PD-1hi T cells near the tumor site correlated with improved survival. FC and single cell RNA revealed high variability within the CD68/CD163 subsets. CD68hiCD163lo and CD68hiCD163hi cells were predominantly macrophages (MΦ), whereas CD68loCD163hi cells appeared to be predominantly dendritic cells (DCs). Differentiation based on CD64, CD80, CD163, and CD206 revealed that TAM in HNSCC occupy a broad spectrum within the classical M1/M2 polarization. Notably, the MΦ subsets expressed predominantly CD206 and little CD80. The opposite was observed in the DC subsets.ConclusionThe distribution patterns and their distinct interactions via the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway suggest divergent roles of CD68/CD163 subsets in the HNSCC microenvironment. PD-L1/PD-1 interactions appear to occur primarily between specific cell types close to the tumor site. Whether PD-L1/PD-1 interactions have a positive or negative impact on patient survival appears to depend on both the spatial localization and the entity of the interacting cells. Co-expression of other markers, particularly CD80 and CD206, supports the hypothesis that CD68/CD163 IHC subsets have distinct functions. These results highlight the association between spatial leukocyte distribution patterns and the clinical presentation of HNSCC
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