1,333 research outputs found
The role of Plasmodium falciparum var genes in malaria in pregnancy
No full textSequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the placenta is responsible for many of the harmful effects of malaria during pregnancy. Sequestration occurs as a result of parasite adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes binding to host receptors in the placenta such as chondroitin sulphate A (CSA). Identification of the parasite ligand(s) responsible for placental adhesion could lead to the development of a vaccine to induce antibodies to prevent placental sequestration. Such a vaccine would reduce the maternal anaemia and infant deaths that are associated with malaria in pregnancy. Current research indicates that the parasite ligands mediating placental adhesion may be members of the P. falciparum variant surface antigen family PfEMP1, encoded by var genes. Two relatively well-conserved subfamilies of var genes have been implicated in placental adhesion, however, their role remains controversial. This review examines the evidence for and against the involvement of var genes in placental adhesion, and considers whether the most appropriate vaccine candidates have yet been identified
Introduction. Shakespeare: Overlapping Mediascapes in the Mind
No full textIntroduction to the issue 'Shakespeare in the Media. Old and New', Anglistica aion, 15.2, 2011, co-edited with co-author Katherine Rowe, discussing the place of Shakespeare in the media today and the 'state of the art' of Shakespeare studies on the topic
Letter from Sanford Rowe and W. W. Bass to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from Sanford Rowe and W. W. Bass to Carl Hayden requesting a re-examination on the proposed park boundaries as they are disadvantageous to current land owners surrounding the canyon
Textural record of the seismic cycle: Strain rate variation in an ancient subduction thrust
No full textActive faults slip at different rates over the course of the seismic cycle: earthquake slip (c. 1ms21), interseismic creep (c. 10–100 mm year21) and intermediate rate transients (e.g. afterslip and slow slip events). Studies of exhumed faults are sometimes able to identify seismic slip surfaces by the presence of frictional melts, and slow creep by textures diagnostic of rate-limited plastic processes. The Pasagshak Point Thrust preserves three distinct fault rock textures, which are mutually cross-cutting, and can be correlated to different strain rates. Ultrafine-grained black fault rocks, including pseudotachylyte, were formed during seismic slip on layers up to 30 cm thick. Well-organized S–C cataclasites 7–31 m thick were formed by slow creep, with pressure solution as a dominant, rate-limiting mechanism. These must have formed at strain rates consistent with long-term plate-boundary motion, but solution-creep healing acted to reduce porosity of the cataclasites and eventually restricted fluid connectivity such that creep by this mechanism could not continue. Disorganized, non-foliated, rounded clast cataclasites were formed at shear rates faster than solution creep and are interpreted as representing shear at intermediate strain rates. These could have formed during afterslip or delocalization of slip associated with an earthquake rupture
How Accretionary Prisms Elucidate Seismogenesis in Subduction Zones
No full textEarthquakes occur along the plate-boundary thrusts underlying accretionary prisms and along out-of-sequence thrusts that cut through prisms. Thermal models suggest that the earthquakes on the plate-boundary thrusts initiate in a temperature range of 125oC to ~350oC. Because syndeformational diagenetic and metamorphic alterations recorded in accretionary prisms have specific temperature ranges, the alterations and the associated deformation can be correlated to the temperature range that accretionary prisms are seismogenic. Comparison of accreted rocks deformed above, within, and below the seismogenic zone suggests characteristics of rocks at seismogenic depths that may make them earthquake prone. During passage through temperatures from 50o to 150oC, accretionary prism sediments become rocks, undergoing diagenetic reactions including the transformation of smectite to illite, albitization of detrital feldspar, dehydration of opal, and the generation of hydrocarbons. Although the smectite to illite transition does not change the frictional properties of the prism so that it becomes seismogenic, water and cations (calcium, magnesium, iron) released during this transition and the albitization process foster cementation. Cementation and veining by carbonates becomes common by 125oC, perhaps due to the above-mentioned release of cations. Pressure solution fabrics begin to be apparent at ~150oC, with well-developed cleavages and quartz veining common by 200oC. Pressure solution may be facilitated by the diagenetic formation of illite. Quartz veining and cementation in the 150o–300oC range facilitates the change from a velocity-strengthening, clay dominated to a velocity-weakening, quartz-influenced, earthquake-prone rheology. The diagenetic-metamorphic reactions occurring at temperatures from 125o to ~300oC cement and add rigidity to the thickening upper plate of the accretionary prism. This developing elastic strength of the upper plate is required to store the elastic strain energy required for an earthquake. In accretionary prisms, brittle fabrics are progressively replaced by ductile fabrics through a temperature range of ~150o– 325oC. Although rocks in the seismogenic zone have lost most of their intergranular fluid through consolidation, vein geometries and fluid inclusions suggest high fluid pressures, approaching lithostatic. Strain localization in the form of discrete shear surfaces occurs across the lower aseismic to seismic transition. Strain localization is observed both at outcrop and map scale. At map scale, the seawardmost occurrence of out-of-sequence thrusts define the leading edge of the rigidified accretionary prism that is capable of storing elastic energy
Faster speed to market, sophisticated business practices and ROI/Profit: Key factors in globalisation
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High technology industry associations move entrepreneurs into global markets
No full textIn this period of globalization, little is known of the democratic action of entrepreneurs to collaborate through the industry association to achieve competitive advantage. This paper conceptualizes a theoretical model that clarifies the variations in both trust and power-dependence of institutional structures to achieve global trade for entrepreneurs. The research investigates the relationship between an industry association\u27s innovation process and the organizational structuring of enterprise development activities to achieve competitive advantage. An outline of a typology of industry association structures and trust is examined through case studies that explain the variations in their capacity to implement innovative actions
Innovation and institutional strategies for local enterprise development
No full textResearch to date on local governments’ role in local economic development has typically focused on the structuring of institutional arrangements to foster and encourage local enterprise. Such arrangements are regarded as generally successful, but they do not always live up to expectations. This paper extends our thinking about the factors contributing to local enterprise development by proposing a typology that coordinates individual innovation and institutional strategies for enterprise development. It is based on our preliminary research into category winners in the National Office of Local Government National Awards for Innovation in Local Government (2000). This early work reveals that enterprise development in some communities centres around innovative individuals while in others such development is driven by institutional arrangements created for this purpose. The research evidence also suggests that when these two factors work together sustainable local economic development is much more likely. Key factors explored are issues of power and authority, organisational learning and the fostering of individual innovation. The research has policy and management implications for local economic development. This includes the recognition and fostering of individual creativity and innovation and the way this is acknowledged and encouraged in local institutional arrangements
1920-12-31 (December 31, 1920 - Rowe, L.S.): Correspondence From L.S. Rowe, Pan American Union, to Manoel de Oliveira Lima
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