40 research outputs found
'Ally Sloper meets Jack the Ripper': Comedy and fear in the 19th century'
No full textIn Britain in the late 1880s, two pop cultural icons had an extraordinary meeting: one, Ally Sloper, the fictional star of comic books and stage productions and the other Jack the Ripper, the real-life serial killer who was instantly fictionalised on page and stage as the bogeyman of the moment. The aim of this chapter is to explore the way in which this dynamic developed, with a focus on a single issue of 'Ally Sloper’s Half-Holiday' (October 20, 1888), which appeared at the point in time when it was first realised that the killings were being done by a lone individual, and when panic was at its peak. What was at stake politically in the comic’s reaction? What can it tell us about Victorian attitudes to fear, death, and poverty? About the status of women? Finally, about law and order, and the social contract that existed between citizen and police
Looking at the stars
No full textThe problem of packing k vertex-disjoint copies of a graph H into another graph G is NP-complete if H has more than two vertices in some connected component. In the framework of parameterized complexity, we analyze a particular family of instances of this problem, namely the packing of stars. We give a quadratic kernel for packing k copies of H = K1,s. When we consider the special case of s = 2, i.e. H being a star with two leaves, we give a linear kernel and an algorithm running in time O(2 5.301k k 2.5 + n 3)
Either/Or: Using Vertex Cover Structure in designing FPT-algorithms - the case of k-Internal Spanning Tree
No full textAbstract. To determine if a graph has a spanning tree with few leaves is NP-hard. In this paper we study the parametric dual of this problem, k-INTERNAL SPANNING TREE (Does G have a spanning tree with at least k internal vertices?). We give an algorithm running in time O(2 4k log k · k 7/2 + k 2 · n 2). We also give a 2-approximation algorithm for the problem. However, the main contribution of this paper is that we show the following remarkable structural bindings between k-INTERNAL SPANNING TREE and k-VERTEX COVER: • NO for k-VERTEX COVER implies YES for k-INTERNAL SPANNING TREE. • YES for k-VERTEX COVER implies NO for (2k + 1)-INTERNAL SPANNING TREE. We give a polynomial-time algorithm that produces either a vertex cover of size k or a spanning tree with at least k internal vertices. We show how to use this inherent vertex cover structure to design algorithms for FPT problems, here illustrated mainly by k-INTERNAL SPANNING TREE. We also briefly discuss the application of this vertex cover methodology to the parametric dual of the DOMINATING SET problem. This design technique seems to apply to many other FPT problems
Fixed Parameter Set Splitting, Linear Kernel and Improved Running Time
No full textThis paper appeared at the conference ’Algorithms and Complexity in Durham’, 200
Fixed Parameter Set Splitting, Obtaining a Linear Kernel and Improving Running Time.
No full textWe study the problem k-SET SPLITTING from a Fixed Parameter point of view. We give a linear kernel of 2k elements and 2k sets and improve on the current best running time for the problem, giving a O ∗ (4 k) algorithm. This is done by reducing the problem to a bipartite graph problem where we use crown decomposition to reduce the graph. We show that this result also gives a good kernel for Max Cut. Keywords: Algorithms, Graph Algorithms.
Looking at the stars
No full textAbstract. The problem of packing k vertex-disjoint copies of a graph H into another graph G is NP-complete if H has more than two vertices in some connected component. In the framework of parameterized complexity we analyze a particular family of instances of this problem, namely the packing of stars. We prove that packing k copies of H = K1,s is fixed-parameter tractable and give a quadratic kernel for the general case. When we consider the special case of s = 2, i.e. H being a star with two leaves, we give a linear kernel and an algorithm running in time O ∗ (2 5.3k).
Mortimer Sloper Howell (1841-1925), lecteur de Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏī (VIIe/XIIIe siècle), et deux lithographies indiennes
No full textInternational audienceDieser Artikel stellt zwei indische Lithographien von Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏīs (gest. um 688/1289) Šarḥ al-Kāfiya und Šarḥ al-Šāfiya vor, die 1282/1866 und 1283/1866 in Delhi hergestellt wurden. Sie gehörten Mortimer Sloper Howell (1841–1925), einem britischen Richter in Indien und Autor einer siebenbändigen arabischen Grammatik, die zwischen 1880 und 1911 in Allahabad veröffentlicht wurde. Howells Grammatik folgt dem Plan von Zamaḫšarīs (gest. 538/1144) Mufaṣṣal in vier Teilen: Nomen, Verbum, Partikel, gemeinsame Prozesse. Der Šarḥ al-Šāfiya ist mit Anmerkungen versehen, die sicherlich von Howell stammen, dagegen gibt es im Šarḥ al-Kāfiya keine Anmerkungen. Dies scheint etwas mit der Entwicklung zu tun zu haben, die Howell im Einklang mit Šarḥ al-Šāfiya im vierten Teil des Mufaṣṣal durchmachte, der sich im Wesentlichen mit der Phonologie befasst. Es war diese Entwicklung, die Linguisten wie Jean Cantineau (1899–1956) und Henri Fleisch (1904–1985) auf Howells Grammatik und damit auch auf Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏīs Šarḥ al Šāfiya aufmerksam machte. Eine Umfrage in Howells Grammatik zeigt, dass der andere Teil von Šarḥ al-Šāfiya, der sich mit Morphologie befasst, und der Šarḥ al-Kāfiya, der sich mit Syntax befasst, ebenfalls sehr wichtige Quellen sind, so dass Howell auch heute noch zwischen Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏī und den arabischen Gelehrten vermitteln kann.Cet article présente deux lithographies indiennes du Šarḥ al-Kāfiya et du Šarḥ al-Šāfiya de Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏī (m. en ou après 688/1289), faites à Delhi, respectivement en 1282/1866 et 1283/1866. Elles ont appartenu à Mortimer Sloper Howell (1841–1925), magistrat britannique en Inde et auteur d’une grammaire arabe en sept volumes parus à Allahabad entre 1880 et 1911. La grammaire de Howell suit le plan du Mufaṣṣal de Zamaḫšarī (m. 538/1144) en quatre parties : nom, verbe, particule, ce qui est commun aux trois parties précédentes ou à deux d’entre elles. Le Šarḥ al-Šāfiya est couvert d’annotations, très certainement de la main même de Howell, mais le Šarḥ al-Kāfiya en est vierge. Cela semble devoir être mis en relation avec le développement que Howell donne, dans la lignée du Šarḥ al-Šāfiya, à la quatrième partie du Mufaṣṣal, qui traite essentiellement de phonologie. C’est ce développement qui a attiré l’attention sur la grammaire de Howell et, à travers elle, le Šarḥ al-Šāfiya de Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏī de linguistes arabisants comme Jean Cantineau (1899–1956) et Henri Fleisch (1904–1985). Une enquête dans la grammaire de Howell montre que l’autre partie du Šarḥ al-Šāfiya, qui traite de morphologie, et le Šarḥ al-Kāfiya, qui traite de syntaxe, en sont des sources tout aussi importantes et, par suite, que Howell peut encore servir de médiateur entre Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏī et les arabisants.This article presents two Indian lithographs of Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏī’s (d. circa 688/1289) Šarḥ al-Kāfiya and Šarḥ al-Šāfiya, made in Delhi, in 1282/1866 and 1283/1866. They belonged to Mortimer Sloper Howell (1841–1925), a British magistrate in India and the author of a seven-volume Arabic grammar published in Allahabad between 1880 and 1911. Howell’s grammar follows the plan of Zamaḫšarī’s (d. 538/1144) Mufaṣṣal in four parts: noun, verb, particle, common processes. The Šarḥ al-Šāfiya is covered with annotations, attributable with certainty to Howell, but the Šarḥ al-Kāfiya is blank. This seems to have something to do with the development that Howell has had, in line with Šarḥ al-Šāfiya, in the fourth part of the Mufaṣṣal, which deals essentially with phonology. It was this development that drew attention of linguists like Jean Cantineau (1899–1956) and Henri Fleisch (1904–1985) to Howell’s grammar and, through it, Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏī’s Šarḥ al-Šāfiya. A survey in Howell’s grammar shows that the other part of Šarḥ al-Šāfiya, which deals with morphology, and the Šarḥ al-Kāfiya, which deals with syntax, are also very important sources, and that Howell can still mediate between Raḍī al-dīn al-Astarābāḏī and the Arabic scholars
Reliability and Validity of Functional Grip Strength Measures Across Holds and Body Positions in Climbers: Associations With Skill and Climbing Performance
No full textSupplementary material is available online at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02701367.2022.2035662#supplemental-material-section .Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Purpose: In climbing, exceptional levels of fingertip strength across different holds and body positions are considered essential for performance. There is no commonly agreed upon way to measure such ”grip strength variability.” Furthermore, the accurate and reliable monitoring of strength is necessary to achieve safe, progressive improvement in strength. Therefore, this study aimed to develop reliability and criterion validity for assessment of grip strength across multiple holds and body positions. Methods: Twenty-two advanced toelite climbers (age = 28.5 ± 8.6 years) performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions on two occasions (for test-retest reliability). Conditions included two hold types (edge and sloper) tested in two postures (elbow flexion [90°] and self-preferred). Climbing performance was determined on two ”difficulty” routes (difficulty increases with each hold): one route composed of only edges and another only of slopers. Results: Test-retest reliability was high (ICC between 0.94–0.99). Significant positive correlations were observed for the forces produced on the sloper test and climbing distance on the sloper route (r = 0.512,p < .05), and for the forces produced on the edge test and climbing distance on the edge route (ρ = 0.579, p < .01). Conclusion: These findings support reliability and validity of the method used to measure grip strength variability with different holds and body positions and suggest that improving strength across different grasping types supports adaptive climbing performance.Sportinnovator/ZonMw grant, project number Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development 5380010208
VICTIM OF CIRCUMSTANCES: A STUDY ON HENRY JAMES\u27 "WASHINGTON SQUARE
No full textThe study examines the gloriously famed work by Henry James, ‘Washington Square’. It is one of the very few works by Henry James that focuses on American characters in an American setting. The story holds the significance of being written from the childhood memories of the author (McGlinn, 2004). The theme of nostalgia and Old New York often makes appearances in the author’s most works. Washington Square is often described as a ‘psychological novel’, as most of the action takes place in the minds of the characters. The novel revolves around the life of Dr.Austin Sloper, his daughter Catherine, his widowed sister Lavinia Penniman and Morris Townsend, the suitable suitor for Catherine in Lavinia’s eyes and other secondary characters including Dr.Sloper’s other sister Mrs.Almond. The study aims to focus on the character of Catherine Sloper, a ‘dull’ girl in the eyes of her father, criticised for her lack of intelligence and beauty, a real victim of circumstances. Though a tragedy, the novella entails the story of a young woman who emerges victoriously from years of submission, finally finding her voice (Garbowski, 2013). The most fascinating and absorbing element of Washington Square is definitely the character evolution of Catherine Sloper. A closer look into the story permits one to identify the real underlying theme, which is not great romances, disputed inheritances or dealing with failure and agony but about the cultivation of an identity, the finding of oneself after being buried for so long.
 
