270 research outputs found
PLoS Med
No full textChristian Lienhardt and colleagues discuss the importance of communication and coordination between regulators, researchers, and policy makers to ensure tuberculosis trials provide high-quality evidence for policy decisions.201931490921PMC67308441023
Introduction of bedaquiline for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis at country level: implementation plan
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Conversion, continuity, and moral dilemmas among Christian Bidayuhs in Malaysian Borneo
No full textThis is the author's final version of the article (under the title "Speaking of continuity... Religious change and moral dilemmas among Christian Bidayuhs in Malaysian Borneo"). The final publication is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2012 by the American Anthropological Association.The nascent anthropology of Christianity highlights rupture as central to conversion. Yet thick ethnography of a Bidayuh village in Malaysian Borneo reveals how conversion can also foster modes of thinking and speaking about continuity between Christianity and “the old ways.” Through a study of the shifting moral and religious topography of a community in which three churches coexist alongside a few elderly animist practitioners, I argue that such discourses and practices of continuity highlight the pluralistic and sometimes contradictory nature of Christianization. At the same time, they generate an understanding of conversion as a temporal and relational positioning that encompasses both converts and nonconverts.William Wyse Fund, Evans Fund, Smuts Memorial Fund, and Sir Bartle
Frere’s Memorial Fund at the University of Cambridge and a Horniman/Sutasoma Award from the Royal Anthropological Institute
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The life of Irène Némirovsky, 1903-1942 /
No full textDrawing on Nemirovsky's diaries, previously untapped archival material, and interviews with surviving family members, Philipponnat and Lienhardt deliver the first major biography of the author of "Suite Francaise.
Translational Research for Tuberculosis Elimination: Priorities, Challenges, and Actions.
No full textChristian Lienhardt and colleagues describe the research efforts needed to end the global tuberculosis epidemic by 2035
Excerpt from “The Dinka and Catholicism”
No full textLike Julian Pitt-Rivers, Godfrey Lienhardt (1921–93) was a student of E. E. Evans-Pritchard at Oxford. His great ethnography Divinity and Experience: The Religion of the Dinka, published in 1961, is regarded as one of the great social anthropological studies of religion. In his research (1947–50) on this southern Sudanese nomad population (neighbors of the Nuer, the people researched by Evans-Pritchard), Lienhardt approaches religious symbolism, imagery, and leadership as informed intimately by the Dinka’s own everyday experience of the world. He altered dominant social anthropological perspectives on religion of the time by drawing attention to the discrepancy and contradictions that existed between people’s everyday experience of “religion” and their conscious, reflexive articulations about those practices.
The attention to skepticism and ambiguity is evident in this essay (first published in 1982, and reproduced here almost in its entirety) that reflects on the interaction between the Dinka and Italian Catholic missionaries, who had been in the Sudan since the mid-nineteenth century. Lienhardt begins by asking, “What kind of translation, as it were, of experience is required for a Dinka to become a nominal or believing Christian?” He responds to this question with circumspection, stressing the challenges in any missionary encounter, which he aptly characterizes as not one of simple straightforward instruction and conversion (or rupture), but one fraught with gaps in understanding and divergent intentions on both sides. Many of these gaps inhere in language, both idiomatic and semantic terms, with many ideas being “caught in translation,” leading Catholicism to “stick” unevenly and in unpredictable ways across the Dinka world. Thus the Dinka accepted the Church mostly, Lienhardt suggests, through ideas of progress and mostly material development that were quite foreign to Dinka experience and, somewhat ironically, also to the ideas and principles taught by the missionaries. Catholic doctrine and eschatology were thus absorbed into the Dinka life-world through a kind of “linguistic parallax” (a displacement or change in the perception of objects in space from different points of observation). Lienhardt erroneously characterizes the church as “the bearer of a theoretically unified body of theological and social doctrine”—a portrayal similar to widespread views even today. But the acuity of his attention to the intricacies and uncertainties of the exchange of meanings that is part of missionization—and to the political economic realities shaping the encounter—distinguishes this work as a pioneering study in the anthropology of missions, especially in colonial Africa. In this respect Lienhardt’s essay might be seen as a precursor to a great tradition of poststructuralist works on African religious missionaries, postcolonialism, and social transformation.1 His focus on Catholicism, however, provides us a glimpse of the dynamics of “syncretism” in situ as a process that cannot be understood outside its social, historical, and political context.</p
Death rites in Korea : the Confucian-Christian interplay
No full textThis study examines Christian death rites in modem Korea in the light of the complex interplay of Confucian and Christian values. It is based on the fact that Korea, once the most thoroughly Confucianized state in East Asia, has become one of the most dynamic Christian countries in the world within the space of a century. The study uncovers the ways in which Korean Christians, in their death rites, have struggled to balance 'religious piety to God' and 'filial duty to ancestors', which represent core Christian and Confucian values respectively. They cannot simply choose the one at the expense of the other as both are integral to their identity. This study innovatively classifies death rites into three categories: ritual before death (bible-copying), ritual at death (funerary rites), and ritual after death (ancestral ritual). After presenting historical and contemporary data of the three death rites, the study provides two different types of analysis: one is a historical-theological analysis and the other sociological-anthropological. Drawing upon historical and theological perspectives, it reveals the underlying principle of complex phenomena surrounding the three death rites. The thesis then explores these death rites in terms of three sociological and anthropological theoretical themes, viz. embodiment, exchange, and material culture. The three death rites are viewed as a 'total social phenomenon', a concept derived from Marcel Mauss' study and employed here as an overarching interpretive framework.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Advances in clinical trial design: Weaving tomorrow's TB treatments
No full textInternational audienceChristian Lienhardt and co-authors discuss the conclusions of the PLOS Medicine Collection on advances in clinical trial design for development of new tuberculosis treatments
Public health grand rounds
No full textPDF file of the speakers' PowerPoint presentations at CDC Public health grand rounds: Tuesday, March 18, 2014 at 1 p.m. - 2 p.m.Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that remains an important global cause of morbidity and mortality. In most cases, TB can be treated and cured by taking a combination of several drugs for 6 to 12 months. When inappropriate or incomplete treatment takes place, however, TB bacteria can develop resistance to multiple drugs. Treatment of drug-resistant TB is currently longer, more toxic, more complex, and less effective than for drug-susceptible TB. In 2011, less than 10% of the total estimated multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) cases were detected and annually, there are approximately 500,000 cases of MDR TB, and 150,000 deaths. Although there are simple rapid tests that have improved the diagnosis of the disease, there is immense potential to increase the number of persons diagnosed with MDR TB, and diagnose them more quickly so that they can begin treatment sooner.Presented by: Sarita Shah, MD, MPH \u2028Associate Chief for Science, International Research and Programs Branch, Division of TB Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC [\ue2\u20ac\u153The Public Health Importance of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis\ue2\u20ac?]; Tom Shinnick, PhD \u2028Associate Director for Global Laboratory Activities, Division of TB Elimination \u2028National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC \u2028[\ue2\u20ac\u153Rapid Diagnosis of MDR TB: A Laboratory Systems-based Approach\ue2\u20ac?]; Christian Lienhardt, MD, DTM, MSc, PhD \u2028Senior Research Advisor, Stop TB Department, \u2028World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland \u2028[\ue2\u20ac\u153Rational Use of New Drugs for Treatment of MDR TB: Context and Challenges\ue2\u20ac?]; Tom Kenyon, MD, MPH \u2028Director, Center for Global Health, CDC\u2028[\ue2\u20ac\u153Drug Resistance in TB: What Public Health Can Do Now and in the Future\ue2\u20ac?].Facilitated by: John Iskander, MD, MPH, Deputy Scientific Director, Public Health Grand Rounds, Susan Laird, MSN, RN, Communications Manager, Public Health Grand Rounds.The Public health importance of drug-resistant tuberculosis [PDF version of the PowerPoint presentation by Sarita Shah, p. 14-26] -- Rapid diagnosis of MDR TB: a laboratory systems-based approach [PDF version of the PowerPoint presentation by Tom Shinnick, p. 27-36] -- Rational use of new drugs for treatment of MDR TB: context and challenges [PDF version of the PowerPoint presentation by Christian Lienhardt, p. 37-51] -- Drug resistance in TB: what public health can do now and in the future [PDF version of the PowerPoint presentation by Tom Kenyon, p. 52-67].Prevention and ControlInfectious Diseas
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