1,086 research outputs found
Yield Potential of Sugar Beet – Have We Hit the Ceiling?
No full textThe yield of sugar beet has continuously increased in the past decades. The question arises, whether this progress will continue in the future. A key factor for increasing yield potential of the crop is breeding progress. It was related to a shift in assimilate partitioning in the plant toward more storage carbohydrates (sucrose), whereas structural carbohydrates (leaves, cell wall compounds) unintendedly declined. The yield potential of sugar beet was estimated at 24 t sugar ha-1. For maximum yield, sufficient growth factors have to be available and the crop has to be able to fully utilize them. In sugar beet, limitations result from the lacking coincidence of maximum irradiation rates and full canopy cover, sink strength for carbon assimilation and high water demand, which cannot be met by rainfall alone. After harvest, sugar losses during storage occur. The paper discusses options for a further increase in yield potential, like autumn sowing of sugar beet, increasing sink strength and related constraints. It is prospected that yield increase by further widening the ratio of storage and structural carbohydrates will come to its natural limit as a certain cell wall stability is necessary. New challenges caused by climate change and by prolonged processing campaigns will occur. Thus breeding for improved pathogen resistance and storage properties will be even more important for successful sugar beet production than a further increase in yield potential itself
Bone fragments in arable soils - zero tolerance for animal feed?
No full textIn autumn 2004, minute traces of bone fragments were found in some samples of sugarbeet dried pulp, which meant that these pellets could not be used as animal feed. An investigation was carried out to clarify if this could have been caused by soil adhering to the sugarbeet root. For this purpose, 198 soil samples were fractionated; the fine sand fraction (63 to 200 mu m) was microscopically analyzed for bone fragments. Bone fragments were found in 67% of the soil samples - even in soils where it can be proven that they had not been treated with organic fertilizer for 130 years. The topsoil contained up to 97 t bone fragments per ha. This shows that bone fragments are a ubiquitous component of arable soils. Therefore, it is likely that in all plants with adhering soil bone fragments will be found regardless of whether fertilizers containing bones were applied to the soil
Bone fragments in arable soils - zero tolerance for animal feed?
No full textIn autumn 2004, minute traces of bone fragments were found in some samples of sugarbeet dried pulp, which meant that these pellets could not be used as animal feed. An investigation was carried out to clarify if this could have been caused by soil adhering to the sugarbeet root. For this purpose, 198 soil samples were fractionated; the fine sand fraction (63 to 200 mu m) was microscopically analyzed for bone fragments. Bone fragments were found in 67% of the soil samples - even in soils where it can be proven that they had not been treated with organic fertilizer for 130 years. The topsoil contained up to 97 t bone fragments per ha. This shows that bone fragments are a ubiquitous component of arable soils. Therefore, it is likely that in all plants with adhering soil bone fragments will be found regardless of whether fertilizers containing bones were applied to the soil
Susanne M. Hoffmann discourse on observing the moon
No full textThe process of observing the moon becomes one of the important things to do. Especially in the process determining from the beginning of month kamariyah or often referred as rukyatul hilal. Where is a challenge for the observers to see a very thin moon, moreover with weather conditions that are not always bright? In addition, observing the moon at the time of eclipse can increase the faith in understanding the signs and power of Allah SWT. With regard to the presence of Susanne M. Hoffmann at Islamic Astronomy Master Program Walisongo State Islamic University, the author is very interested in examining her thoughts about observing the moon. Susanne M. Hoffmann is an expert astronomist in the history of science, physics, and didactics. She expressed the bad condition of the sky and the air in Semarang. In addition, Susanne M. Hoffmann also suggested repeating Al-Biruni observation.
This study aims to find out Susanne M. Hoffmann discourse related observing the moon and to know her suggestion to repeat Al-Biruni observation on measuring the distance between two cities. This research includes for qualitative research and includes the type of library research. Primary data is taken from in-depth interviews and documentation of Susanne M. Hoffmann’s writings, works, and photographs. While the secondary data obtained from the documentation of books, journals, and articles of others work related to research. Meanwhile, to study of Susanne M. Hoffmann discourse author uses descriptive analysis method.
The results show, that Susanne M. Hofmann discourse in observing the moon is divided into two lines. First, in response to the poor condition of the sky and air in Indonesia, or Semarang in particular, Susanne M. Hoffmann still recommends doing rukyatul hilal. Furthermore, rukyatul hilal is best to do with the naked eye than using a telescope or optical instrument. Second, about the lunar eclipse, in accordance with the field, she mastered the history of Science. Susanne M. Hoffmann was succeeding to repeat the Al-Biruni observation in measuring the distance of two cities by the lunar eclipse
Workflow for phenotyping sugar beet roots by automated evaluation of cell characteristics and tissue arrangement using digital image processing
No full textAbstract Background Cell characteristics, including cell type, size, shape, packing, cell-to-cell-adhesion, intercellular space, and cell wall thickness, influence the physical characteristics of plant tissues. Genotypic differences were found concerning damage susceptibility related to beet texture for sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Sugar beet storage roots are characterized by heterogeneous tissue with several cambium rings surrounded by small-celled vascular tissue and big-celled sugar-storing parenchyma between the rings. This study presents a procedure for phenotyping heterogeneous tissues like beetroots by imaging. Results Ten Beta genotypes (nine sugar beet and one fodder beet) were included to establish a pipeline for the automated histologic evaluation of cell characteristics and tissue arrangement using digital image processing written in the programming language R. The identification of cells has been validated by comparison with manual cell identification. Cells are reliably discriminated from intercellular spaces, and cells with similar morphological features are assigned to biological tissue types. Conclusions Genotypic differences in cell diameter and cell arrangement can straightforwardly be phenotyped by the presented workflow. The presented routine can further identify genotypic differences in cell diameter and cell arrangement during early growth stages and between sugar storage capabilities
Bibliographie : Octavia römische Geschichte. Zugabe des ersten Theils, [vol. 2] (Nürnberg: J. Hoffmann, 1678)
No full textZweiter Band der ersten Fassung der "Römischen Octavia". Cf. zur vollständigen Publikationsgeschichte: Octavia römische Geschichte, [vol. 1] (Nürnberg: J. Hoffmann, 1677). Enthält mehrere teils wahrscheinlich, teils sicher autorfremde Gedichte. Zwei davon stammen von Christian Hofmann von Hofmannswaldau (vgl. HKA I, pp. CLXXIVf., Anm. 195). Von der "Geschichte der Flavia Domitilla und der Cönis", pp. 920-1015, existiert eine Übersetzung einer unbekannten französischen Hofdame ins Französische, datiert auf den 9. März 1714 (23: Cod.Guelf. 196.1 Extravag.)
SOME REFLECTIONS ON CLIMATE CHANGE, GREEN GROWTH ILLUSIONS AND DEVELOPMENT SPACE
No full textMany economists and policy makers advocate a fundamental shift towards “green growth” as the new, qualitatively-different growth paradigm, based on enhanced material/resource/energy efficiency and drastic changes in the energy mix. “Green growth” may work well in creating new growth impulses with reduced environmental load and facilitating related technological and structural change. But can it also mitigate climate change at the required scale (i.e. significant, absolute and permanent decline of GHG emissions at global level) and pace? This paper argues that growth, technological, population-expansion and governance constraints as well as some key systemic issues cast a very long shadow on the “green growth” hopes. One should not deceive oneself into believing that such evolutionary (and often reductionist) approach will be sufficient to cope with the complexities of climate change. It may rather give much false hope and excuses to do nothing really fundamental that can bring about a U-turn of global GHG emissions. The proponents of a resource efficiency revolution and a drastic change in the energy mix need to scrutinize the historical evidence, in particular the arithmetic of economic and population growth. Furthermore, they need to realize that the required transformation goes beyond innovation and structural changes to include democratization of the economy and cultural change. Climate change calls into question the global equality of opportunity for prosperity (i.e. ecological justice and development space) and is thus a huge developmental challenge for the South and a question of life and death for some developing countries (who increasingly resist the framing of climate protection versus equity).
Grundlagen und Wirkprinzipien von wassergefiltertem Infrarot A (wIRA) in Bezug zur Wundheilung
No full textThe experience of the pleasant heat of the sun in moderate climatic zones arises from the filtering of the heat radiation of the sun by water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. The filter effect of water decreases those parts of infrared radiation (most parts of infrared-B and -C and the absorption bands of water within infrared-A), which would cause – by reacting with water molecules in the skin – only an undesired thermal load to the surface of the skin. Technically water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) is produced in special radiators, whose full spectrum of radiation of a halogen bulb is passed through a cuvette, containing water, which absorbs or decreases the described undesired wavelengths of the infrared radiation. Within infrared the remaining wIRA (within 780-1400 nm) mainly consists of radiation with good penetration properties into tissue and therefore allows – compared to unfiltered heat radiation – a multiple energy transfer into tissue without irritating the skin, similar to the sun’s heat radiation in moderate climatic zones. Typical wIRA radiators emit no ultraviolet (UV) radiation and nearly no infrared-B and -C radiation and the amount of infrared-A radiation in relation to the amount of visible light (380-780 nm) is emphasized. Water-filtered infrared-A as a special form of heat radiation with a high tissue penetration and with a low thermal load to the skin surface acts both by thermal (related to heat energy transfer) and thermic (temperature depending, with a relevant change of temperature) as well as by non-thermal (without a relevant transfer of heat energy) and non-thermic (not depending on temperature, without a relevant change of temperature) effects. wIRA produces a therapeutically usable field of heat in the tissue and increases tissue temperature, tissue oxygen partial pressure, and tissue perfusion. These three factors are vital for a sufficient tissue supply with energy and oxygen. As wound healing and infection defense (e.g. granulocyte function including their antibacterial oxygen radical formation) depend decisively on a sufficient supply with energy and oxygen, one explanation for the good clinical effect of wIRA on wounds and wound infections can be the improvement of both the energy supply per time (increase of metabolic rate) and the oxygen supply. In addition wIRA has non-thermal and non-thermic effects, which are based on putting direct stimuli on cells and cellular structures. wIRA can considerably alleviate the pain (with remarkably less need for analgesics) and diminish an elevated wound exudation and inflammation and can show positive immunomodulatory effects. wIRA can advance wound healing or improve an impaired wound healing both in acute and in chronic wounds including infected wounds. Even the normal wound healing process can be improved. wIRA is contact-free, easily applied, without discomfort to the patient, with absent consumption of material and with a good effect in the depth. The irradiation of the typically uncovered wound is carried out with a wIRA radiator.Die Erfahrung der angenehmen Wärme der Sonne in gemäßigten Breiten entsteht durch die Filterung der Wärmestrahlung der Sonne durch Wasserdampf in der Erdatmosphäre. Durch die Wasserfilterung werden die Strahlungsanteile gemindert (sogenannte Wasserbanden innerhalb des Infrarot A sowie die meisten Teile des Infrarot B und C), die sonst durch Wechselwirkung mit Wassermolekülen in der Haut eine unerwünschte thermische Belastung der obersten Hautschicht hervorrufen würden. Technisch wird wassergefiltertes Infrarot A (wIRA) in speziellen Strahlern erzeugt, in denen die gesamte Strahlung eines Halogen-Strahlers durch eine Wasser enthaltende Küvette hindurchtritt, so dass die genannten unerwünschten Strahlungsanteile innerhalb des Infrarot gemindert oder herausgefiltert werden. Innerhalb des Infrarot stellt das verbleibende wIRA (im Bereich 780-1400 nm) vorwiegend Strahlung mit gutem Eindringvermögen in das Gewebe dar und erlaubt gegenüber ungefilterter Infrarotstrahlung einen mehrfachen Energieeintrag in das Gewebe bei geringerer thermischer Belastung der Hautoberfläche, vergleichbar der Sonnenwärmestrahlung in gemäßigten Breiten. Typische wIRA-Strahler emittieren keine Ultraviolett-Strahlung (UV) und nahezu keine Infrarot-B- und Infrarot-C-Strahlung, und der Anteil der Infrarot-A-Strahlung ist im Verhältnis zum Anteil des sichtbaren Lichts (380-780 nm) betont. Wassergefiltertes Infrarot A als spezielle Form der Wärmestrahlung mit hohem Eindringvermögen in das Gewebe bei geringer thermischer Oberflächenbelastung wirkt sowohl über thermische (auf Wärmeenergietransfer bezogene) und temperaturabhängige (mit Temperaturänderung auftretende) als auch über nicht-thermische (ohne relevanten Wärmeenergietransfer) und temperaturunabhängige (ohne relevante Temperaturänderung auftretende) Effekte. wIRA erzeugt ein therapeutisch nutzbares Wärmefeld im Gewebe und steigert Temperatur und Sauerstoffpartialdruck im Gewebe sowie die Gewebedurchblutung, drei entscheidende Faktoren für eine ausreichende Versorgung des Gewebes mit Energie und Sauerstoff. Da Wundheilung und Infektionsabwehr (z.B. Granulozytenfunktion einschließlich ihrer antibakteriellen Sauerstoffradikalbildung) entscheidend von einer ausreichenden Versorgung mit Energie und Sauerstoff abhängen, stellt die Verbesserung sowohl der Energiebereitstellung pro Zeit (Steigerung der Stoffwechselleistung) als auch der Sauerstoffversorgung eine Erklärung für die klinisch gute Wirkung von wIRA auf Wunden und Wundinfektionen dar. Zusätzlich hat wIRA nicht-thermische und ohne relevante Temperaturänderung auftretende Effekte, die darauf beruhen, direkte Reize auf Zellen und zelluläre Strukturen zu setzen. wIRA vermag Schmerzen deutlich zu mindern (mit bemerkenswert niedrigerem Analgetikabedarf) und eine erhöhte Wundsekretion und Entzündung herabzusetzen sowie positive immunmodulierende Effekte zu zeigen. wIRA kann sowohl bei akuten als auch bei chronischen Wunden einschließlich infizierter Wunden die Wundheilung beschleunigen oder bei stagnierender Wundheilung verbessern. Selbst der normale Wundheilungsprozess kann verbessert werden. wIRA ist ein kontaktfreies, verbrauchsmaterialfreies, leicht anzuwendendes, als angenehm empfundenes Verfahren mit guter Tiefenwirkung. Die Bestrahlung der typischerweise unbedeckten Wunde erfolgt mit einem wIRA-Strahler
Review of agricultural field robots and their applicability in potato cultivation
No full textThis paper lists the potential, challenges and requirements of autonomous field robots for potato production. It presents an overview of existing autonomous field robots in arable farming, evaluates their suitability for potato production based on literature findings and gives an outlook on possible future solutions. The analysis was confined to the European market. In summary, 17 commercially available field robots, 4 robots in the test phase and 14 prototypes in the development phase were identified. The minimum requirements identified for field robots to enable their application in a potato field are primarily geometric due to the specific ridge structure and the habitus of potato plants. As a result, the field robot must have a track width of 0.75 m or a multiple of this dimension. In addition, a ground clearance between 0.35 m and 0.8 m must be ensured. The evaluation showed that two of the identified market-ready robot systems fulfilled the identified minimum requirements
Grown-up toys: aesthetic forms and transitional objects in Vernon Lee's supernatural tales.
No full textPhDThis thesis examines the fantastic tales of the marginalized writer Vernon Lee (Violet
Paget 1856-1935), focusing on such confections as Hauntings: Fantastic Stories (1890),
Pope Jacynth and Other Fantastic Stories (1904), and For Maurice: Five Unlikely Stories
(1927). It traces the influence of European Romantics such as Hoffmann and Heine on
her writings and juxtaposes Lee's work with that of fin-de-siecle contemporaries such
as Walter Pater, Henry James, and Oscar Wilde. Her stories often depend on the
supernatural properties of art objects for their uncanny effect, and this study traces
the contradiction between Lee's concern with form in her aesthetic treatises, and the
'formless' and metamorphic qualities of the 'ghostly' objects that come to fife in her
works. The resultant conflict is explored in the context of D. W. Winnicott's 'transitional
object' theory which suggests that a child's subjectivity is formed in a 'potential space', a
space existing in a developmental 'limbo' in which the child plays with items or toys
while negotiating its separation from the mother, and recognizing its individuality.
According to Winnicott, in adulthood, this childhood process is re-experienced in the
illusory realm of art and cultural objects. With this premise in mind, this thesis argues
that, in Lee's tales, the supernatural functions as a 'potential space" in which Lee 'plays'
with the art object or 'toy' in order to explore alternative subjectivities that allow the
expression of her lesbian subjectivity. Using an interdisciplinary approach which
combines literature with psychology, aesthetics, mythology, religion, and social history,
this thesis demonstrates the contemporary validity of Lee's tales, and its importance for
the study of gender and sexuality in the nineteenth-century fin de siecle
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